Cell structure and function

• Nucleus: storage of genetic information
• Nucleolus: site for ribosomal RNA synthesis
• chromosomes: contain genes that govern structure and activity of the cell
• Cell wall: Protect and maintan the cell
• Cytoskeleton: network of protein fibers that gives cells shape, support, and movement
• Plasma(cell) Membrane: Regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell
• Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER): Synthesize lipids and modifies many protiens;transport vesicles that carry protiens
• Smooth ER: lipid biosynthesis
• Rough ER: Manufacture of many protiens
• Ribosomes: Synthesize polypeptides in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
• Golgi Apparatus: Modify proteins synthesized by ribosomes and package them into membranous sacs called vesicles
• Lysosome: contains enzymes to break down ingested materials,secretions, and worn-out parts of the cell
• Vacuoles:Store materials,wastes, water
• Peroxisomes: Site of many diverse metabolic reactions
• Mitochondria: Site of most reactions of cellular respiration; transformation of energy originating from glucose or lipids into ATP energy.
• Plastids (e.g. chloroplast):Site of photosynthesis; chlorophyll captures light energy
• Microtubules: hollow tubes that Provide structural support; have role in cell and organelle movement and cell division
• Microfilaments:Solid, rod-like structures that provide structural support; play role in cell and organelle movement and cell division.
• Intermediate filaments: Help strengthen cytoskeleton; stabilize cell
• Centrioles: Mitotic spindle forms between centrioles during animal cell division; absent in most plants.
• Cilia: Movement of some single-celled organism; used to move materials on surface of some tissues.
• Flagella: Cellular locomotion by sperm cells and some unicellular eukaryotes.
• Both animal and plant cells have cell membranes that enclose the cell
• plant cells have cell walls that provide structure. Animal cells do not have cell walls.
• A few large animal cells have more than one nucleus, but plant cells always have just one.
• Animal cells use mitochondria for energy production. Plants primarily use chloroplasts to produce energy.
• Animal’s cells have lysosomes, but plant cells do not.