A&P

• Joints are areas where two or more bones articulate to create movement.
• Ball and Socket joint consists of the hip and shoulder, allowing most joint movements and occurring in all three planes.
• Hinge Joint is found in the elbow, knee, and ankle, held tightly by ligaments, limiting sideways movements but allowing open-closed movements.
• Condyloid Joint is found in the Wrist joint, with flatter bone surfaces to allow Motion in two planes.
• Flexion is a movement that decreases the joint angle, bringing the joint to the front of the body.
• Extension is a movement that increases the joint angle, bringing the joint to the back of the body.
• Dorsi-Flexion is a movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up.
• Plantar Flexion is a movement at the ankle joint as the toes move down.
• Abduction is a movement of the limb away from the midline of the body.
• Adduction is a movement of the limb towards the midline of the body.
• Horizontal Flexion is a movement of the limb towards the midline of the body, parallel to the ground.
• Horizontal Extension is a movement of the limb away from the midline of the body, parallel to the ground.
• Rotation is the act of rotating a limb either toward the midline, or away from the midline, from the body.
• Circumduction is the circular movement of a body part, a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.