Tissues

• Tissues are groups of conneccted cells
• Cells in the tissue work together to carry out a specific function
• Connective Tissue- the most diverse and abundant of all tissues, they hold cells together and supports the body
• Connective tissue proper are responsible for synthesizing protein fibers for matrix
• Loose connective tissue proper contains many collagen and elastic fibers in a jell-like matrix
• areolar connective tissue is a common form of loose connective tissue, it binds the skin or membrane to underlying tissues such as muscles
• Adipose connective tissue, commonly known as fat, contains fat cells that are specialized for lipid storage
• Reticular connective tissue is mostly composed of reticular protien fibers
• Dense connective tissue proper: 1) Dense regular connective tissue, 2) Dense irregular connective tissue, 3)Elastic connective tissue
• Dense regular connective tissue has extracellular fibers that run in the same direction and plane
• Dense irregular connective tissue contains collagen and elastic fibers which are found running in all different directions and planes
• Elastic connective tissue is made up of freely branching elastic fibers
• Cartilage- is a connective tissue that is relatively solid and is a non-vascularized tissue. the matrix is produced by cells called chondroblasts
• Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage, contains many collagen fibers
• Elastic cartilage has many elastic fibers in the matrix and supports the shape of the ears and forms part of the larynx.
• Fibrocartilage is tough and contains many collagen fibers and is responsible for cushioning the knee joint
• Bone - A hard, mineralized tissue found in the skeleton.
• Blood - made up of plasma
• Epithelial Tissue - this type of tissue is commonly seen outside the body as coverings or as linings of organs and cavities.
• Muscle Tissue - these tissues are composed of long cells called muscle fibers that allow the body to move voluntary or involuntary.
• Skeletal muscles are striated, or striped in appearance, because of their internal structure.
• Smooth muscles are nonstriated muscles. They are found in the walls of blood vessels and in the reproductive, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts.
• Cardiac muscles are striated and found only in the heart. Their contractions cause the heart to beat.
• Nervous Tissue - is made up of neurons and other types of cells generally called glial cells. Neurons transmit electrical messages and the other cells play supporting roles.
• Gray matter is nervous tissue that is found only in the brain and spinal cord which is also called the central nervous system.
• White matter is nervous tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord, where it connects and facilitates communication between gray matter areas.
• Nerves make up most of the peripheral nervous system. They are long, branching tissues that carry electrical messages between the central nervous system and the remainder of the body.
• Ganglia (singular, ganglion) are also found in the peripheral nervous system. Ganglia are mostly made up of cell bodies of neurons outside of the central nervous system. They are tissues that act as relay points for messages transmitted through nerves.
• Dermal Tissue - Dermal tissue covers the outside of a plant in a single layer of cells called the epidermis.
• Epidermal cells secrete a waxy substance called cuticle, which coats, waterproofs, and protects the above-ground parts of plants.
• Trichomes are hair-like structures on the epidermal surface.
• Ground Tissue - It makes up much of the interior of a plant and carries out basic metabolic functions. Ground tissue in stems provides support and may store food or water.
• the ground tissue of the leaf (called mesophyll) uses the energy in sunlight to synthesize sugars in a process known as photosynthesis
• the ground tissue of the stem (called pith and cortex) develops support cells to hold the young plant upright
• the ground tissue of the root (also called cortex) often stores energy- rich carbohydrates
• Vascular tissue- runs through the ground tissue inside a plant.
• The xylem carries water and dissolved ions from the roots to stems and leaves
• The phloem carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to all other parts of the plant.