Atomic Structure Gcse Pip 2

• What is the first part of the QA topic in chemistry?

  Atomic structure and the periodic table
• What is an element defined as?

  A single type of atom
• What does the term "atom" mean in Greek?

  Uncuttable
• What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?

  Electrons, protons, and neutrons
• Where are protons located in an atom?

  In the nucleus
• What is the charge and mass of a proton?

  Charge of +1 and mass of 1
• What is the charge and mass of a neutron?

  Charge of 0 and mass of 1
• What is the charge and mass of an electron?

  Charge of -1 and mass of 1 mm
• What information does each box on the periodic table provide?

  Element name, symbol, atomic number, mass number
• What does the atomic number represent?

  Number of protons and electrons
• How is the mass number calculated?

  Protons plus neutrons
• How many protons does calcium have if its atomic number is 20?

  20 protons
• How many neutrons does calcium have if its mass number is 40?

  20 neutrons
• What is the balanced symbol equation for water decomposition?

  2H2O → 2H2 + O2
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H2O
• What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

  CO2
• What is the difference between elements and compounds?

  Elements are pure, compounds are bonded
• What is distillation used for?

  Separating substances by boiling points
• What is filtration used for?

  Separating large solid particles from liquids
• What is fractional distillation?

  Separating substances with different boiling points
• What was the plum pudding model?

  A model with positive charge cloud and electrons
• What experiment did Rutherford conduct?

  Fired alpha particles at gold foil
• What did Rutherford's experiment suggest?

  Presence of a small, dense nucleus
• Who discovered neutrons?

  Chadwick
• What do groups in the periodic table indicate?

  Number of electrons in the outer shell
• What do periods in the periodic table indicate?

  Number of electron shells in an atom
• How many electrons does magnesium have if its atomic number is 12?

  12 electrons
• How many electrons can the first shell hold?

  2 electrons
• How many electrons can the second shell hold?

  8 electrons
• What happens when sodium loses an electron?

  It becomes a positively charged ion
• What charge do metals typically have when they lose electrons?

  Positive charge
• What charge do nonmetals typically have when they gain electrons?

  Negative charge
• What are alkali metals known for?

  Being highly reactive with water
• What are halogens known for?

  Being diatomic molecules
• What is the reactivity trend in alkali metals?

  Increases down the group
• What happens when alkali metals react with water?

  They form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
• What is a displacement reaction?

  More reactive element displaces a less reactive one
• What is the trend in boiling points for halogens?

  Increases down the group
• What is the significance of noble gases?

  They have a full outer shell
• What is the use of chlorine in swimming pools?

  For sterilizing water