9. Reinforcement Theory

• Reinforcement Theory – draws principles of operant conditioning and states simply that behavior is motivated by consequences
• Operant Conditioning – employees will engage in behaviors for which they are rewarded and avoid behaviors for which they are punished
• Reinforcement – increases behavior
• Positive – addition of something to increase behavior
• Negative – removing something to increase behavior
• Punishment – decreases behavior
• 4 types of Schedules

  • Fixed Interval
  • Fixed Ratio
  • Variable Interval
  • Variable Ratio
• Organizational Behavior Modification – certain target behaviors are specified, measured, and rewarded