M3: Cell Modification

• Cell Modification- a process that occurs after cell division where the newly formed cells are structurally modified so that they can perform their function efficiently and effectively.
• Apical Modification (outside) Cell modification found on the apical surface of the cell
• Cilia (singular Cilium) are usually short, hair-like structures that work to move cells as well as to move materials
• Flagella (singular, Flagellum) are long whiplike structures for locomotion
• Villi are finger-like projections that help to increase surface area allowing for faster and more efficient adsorption
• Microvilli are smaller projections that arise from the cell's surface that also increase surface area allowing faster and more efficient absorption
• Pseudopods are temporary, irregular lobes formed by amoebas that bulge outward to move the cell or engulf prey
• Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)are composed of tough fibrous proteins embedded in a gel-like polysaccharideground substance that provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells
• Basal Modification (center) Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell
• Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes is the anchoring junction on the basal surface of the cell
• Lateral Modification (Inner) Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell
• Tight Junction act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes between epitheliallayers
• Adhering Junction fasten or connect cells to one another
• Gap Junction also known as communicating junctions