an anxiety which interferes with daily living with daily living, irrational fear that produces conscious avoidance to the fear
What are the three types of behaviour characteristics?
behavioural
emotional
cognitive
What are the behavioural characteristics ?
Panic
avoidance
endurance
what are the emotional characteristics ?
fear
anxiety
emotional response is unreasonable
what are the cognitive characteristics of phobias ?
cognitive distortions
irrational beliefs
selective attention to phobic stimulus
which approach explains phobias ?
the behavioural approach
What is the two process model?
an explanation for the onset and persistence for disorders which create anxiety such as phobias
what are the two processes involved in the two process model?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
what does the two process model suggest ?
that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning specifically through negative reinforcement
How are phobias maintained through operant conditioning?
a person with a phobia tends to avoid a phobic stimulus as much as they can, this is known as negative reinforcement
the sense of relief after avoiding the fear serves as a desirable consequence, this means the behaviour will be repeated, this is known as positive reinforcement
What behavioural treatments are used for treating phobias ?
flooding
systematic desensitisation
what is flooding ?
this involves exposing a person with a phobia to their phobic stimulus in a extreme way without a gradual build up in the anxiety hierarchy
flooding is concerned with the immediate exposure to a frightening situation
