T1 L1: intro to circulation

• Shock?

  insufficient perfusion
• Pulmonary circulation is in series.
• Systemic circulation is in parallel.
• Blood pressure equation?

  blood pressure = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
• Korotkoff sounds?

  artery open: no sound

  artery opening and closing: sound heard (due to turbulence)

  artery closed: no sound
• What type of blood vessel regulates capillaries, resistance, set blood pressure and total peripheral resistance?

  arterioles
• Majority of the blood is stored where?

  veins
• Which type of circulation has low pressure, low resistance and high flow?

  pulmonary circulation
• Which type of circulation has high pressure, variable flow and resistance?

  systemic circulation
• Which side of heart has crescent x-section?

  right side (pulmonary circulation)
• Which side of heart has circular X-section?

  left side (systemic circulation)
• Apex beat?

  at systole, apex of heart moves forward and strikes the chest wall
• What is the first heart sound (lub)?

  closing of mitral and tricuspid valves
• What is the second heart sound (dub)?

  closing of aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves
• Hypoxaemia?

  low O2 content generally through arterial blood
• Angina pectoris?

  chest pain due to ischaemia of heart tissue or coronary artery disease / embolism

  treat: nitrates (immediate relief)
• Treatment of myocardial infarction?

  immediate reperfusion: morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin
• Loss of consciousness due to heart malfunction?

  syncope