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• What is newborn screening (NBS)?

  A procedure to detect congenital metabolic disorders
• Why is newborn screening important?

  It detects treatable disorders before symptoms appear
• What is collected during newborn screening?

  A few drops of blood from a heel stick
• What disorders are screened in newborns?

  Congenital disorders present at birth
• What additional screenings are performed on newborns?

  Hearing disorders and serious heart problems
• Who approved the expanded newborn screening program?

  The Department of Health Advisory Committee
• When will the expanded newborn screening program start?

  In January 2014
• How many disorders does the current newborn screening program include?

  Six disorders
• What are some disorders included in the current screening?

  CH, CAH, PKU, G6PD deficiency, GAL, MSUD
• What will the expanded screening include?

  22 more disorders including hemoglobinopathies
• How much does the first screening option cost?

  ₱550
• What is the second screening option cost?

  ₱1500
• What prompted the recommendation to expand the NBS program?

  Results from a study by Dr. Padilla and Dr. Aguirre
• What did the California newborn screening program reveal?

  Serious disorders not included in the local program
• What is the goal of screening more disorders?

  To save more lives and reduce health issues
• What is the purpose of newborn screening?

  Early identification of genetic, metabolic, or infectious conditions
• What law integrated NBS into the public health system?

  Republic Act 9288 or Newborn Screening Act of 2004
• When is newborn screening ideally done?

  On the 48th to 72nd hour of life
• Why might screening be done earlier than 24 hours?

  Some disorders are not detected earlier
• How is newborn screening performed?

  Heel prick method with blood on filter card
• Who can collect samples for newborn screening?

  Trained physician, nurse, midwife, or medical technologist
• Where is newborn screening available?

  Participating Newborn Screening Facilities
• What should parents do if the baby is born at home?

  Bring the baby to the nearest facility
• When are newborn screening results available?

  Seven working days after sample receipt
• What happens if a screening result is positive?

  Immediate referral for confirmatory testing
• What does "out of range" mean in screening results?

  Indicates one or more conditions detected
• What is a false positive?

  A positive test result without the condition
• What should be done if a test result is positive?

  Undergo additional testing immediately
• What is the role of RHU staff in newborn screening?

  Advocacy, sample collection, and counseling
• Why is it important to follow up on newborn screening results?

  To prevent lifelong health problems or death
• What does newborn screening enable?

  Early diagnosis and immediate treatment
• What is congenital hypothyroidism?

  A disorder that affects thyroid function
• What causes transient congenital hypothyroidism?

  Maternal Graves disease treated with antithyroid drugs
• What is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism worldwide?

  Iodine deficiency
• Why is early detection of congenital hypothyroidism essential?

  To prevent cognitive impairment and IQ loss
• What is the mean IQ if treatment starts at 0 to 3 months?

  89 (range, 64–107)
• What is the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among Hispanic newborns?

  1 in 2000 to 1 in 700 newborns
• What is the diagnostic evaluation for congenital hypothyroidism?

  Initial T4 measurement followed by TSH measurement
• What is the recommended timing for the blood sample for screening?

  Between 2 and 6 days of age
• What happens if T4 levels are low?

  TSH levels are measured for diagnosis