Genetics

• DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules from a single strand through semiconservative replication.
• Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics and was the first person to analyze patterns of inheritance and deduce the fundamental principles of genetics.
• Mendel studied garden peas in his garden, which are easily manipulated and self-fertilize.
• Mendel carried out some cross-fertilization by removing stamens from a purple flower, transferring pollen from stamens of a white flower to the pistil of a purple flower, and planting seeds from the pollinated ovary.
• Mendel's garden peas are true-breeding for purple-flowered and white-flowered parents, allowing for cross-fertilization.
• Mendel conducted a monohybrid cross, which is a cross between hybrids for one trait such as flower color.
• In a monohybrid cross, all F1 offspring are 75% purple and 25% white.
• Loci are specific locations on a chromosome where a gene is found.
• Not governed by a single gene
• Blue eye color is due to a lack of pigment.
• Codominance is a condition in which both alleles of a gene are expressed, causing both phenotypes to be expressed in a heterozygous.
• Green, brown, hazel, and black eye colors have more pigment and have genes that direct the production of more melanin.
• The color of the human iris varies from pale blue through green to almost black.
• A chromosome from one parent is referred to as a homologous chromosome from the other parent.
• An organism is not just the sum of its genes, in addition to genotype, the environment in which an organism lives affects its phenotype.
• Himalayan Rabbits have different skin color and human intelligence, despite being identical twins raised in different environments.
• Incomplete Dominance is an inheritance in which an active allele does not entirely compensate for an inactive allele, causing the heterozygous to be intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.
• Interactions of two or more genes contribute to a single phenotype
• The probability of a comp
• The probability of a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities of the independent events.
• The rule of multiplication states that the probability of a compound event is the product of the separate probabilities of the independent events.