Nursing informatics historical perspective mod 1

• Nursing informatics evolved from the French word informatics and is referred to the field of applied computer science.
• Computers were introduced in healthcare facilities in the 1960s as they are an essential tool in HIT systems.
• Health Information Technology (HIT) is an all-encompassing term that refers to technology that captures, processes, and generates health information.
• Computerization affects all aspects of healthcare delivery.
• There is a shift toward integrating multiple technologies and telecomm devices in healthcare.
• Computers are used in nursing for managing patient care information, monitoring quality, and evaluating outcomes.
• Prior to the 1960s, computers were developed in the late 1930s and early 1940s but they were used in healthcare during the 1950s and 1960s for administrative and accounting functions.
• During the 1960s, the use of computers was being explored and studies were conducted to determine how they could be utilized in healthcare.
• Nurses were presented with new opportunities to use computers during the mid-1960s.
• The nurse's station was viewed as the most appropriate center for the development of computer applications during the 1960s.
• During the 1970s, hospitals began developing computer-based information systems that focused on physician order entry, results reporting, pharmacy, lab, radiology reports, information for financial and managerial purposes, and physiologic monitoring systems in the ICU.
• A few systems during the 1970s began to include care planning, decision support, and interdisciplinary problem lists.
• Nurses were often involved in implementing systems during the 1970s and the interest in computers and nursing began to emerge in public and home health education.
• During the 1980s, Nursing informatics exploded and became visible in the healthcare and nursing.
• Nursing practice standards needed to be updated during the 1980s.
• Many mainframe healthcare information systems emerged with nursing subsystems that documented several aspects of the patient record during the 1980s.
• The first Nursing special interest group on computers met for the first time during SCAMC (Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care) in 1981.
• In 1985, ANA approved the formation of the Council on Computer Applications in Nursing (CCAN) which then became a very powerful force in integrating computer apps into the nursing profession.
• 1990s: advances in relational databases, client-server architectures, and new programming methods.
• legislative activity in the mid-1990s paved the way for e-health records through the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996
• 1992: ANA recognized Nursing informatics as a new nursing specialty separate Scope of Nursing Informatics Practice Standards
• ANA developed the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Standards (NIDSEC) to evaluate and recognize nursing technology
• 2000s: more healthcare information became digitalized and newer technologies emerged
• 2004: Executive Order 13335 established the Office of the national coordinator (ONC) for HIT and issued a recommendation calling for all healthcare providers to adopt interoperab;e electronic health records.
• the use of bar coding and radio-frequency identification emerged in the 2000s as a useful technology as well as smaller mobile devices with wireless/internet access to info within hospitals and in the community.
• the internet provided a means for development of clinical applications
• 2010s: impact of the Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) demonstrated that continued consensus and effort was needed to bring to fruitioin the vision and implementation of minimum nursing data into clinical practice.
• a new nursing informatics research agenda for 2008 - 2018 emerged as critical for this specialty.
• the office of national coordinator convened two national committees which are the national committee on health policy and national committee on health standards
• national committee on health standards (outlined and designed the focus for the Meaningful Use (MU) legislation
• Meaningful Use is designed to be implemented in at least 3 stages
• 2011/2012: initiated the stage 1 where it focused on the Computerized Physical order Entry (CPOE) initiative for physicians
• 2012/2013: initiated the stage 2 that focused primarily on the implementation of Quality Indicators that are used to guide hospitals in patient safety and if not implemented, it is used as indicators to financial penalties
• 2014/2015: anticipated year that stage three will be implemented.
• Major milestones of nursing: 1. computer was introduced in nursing 40 years ago

  2. milestones of nursing are interwoven with the admancement of computer and information tech

  3. the nursing profession became an autonomous discipline due to the increased need for data and development of applications
• computer was introduced in nursing 40 years ago
• milestones of nursing are interwoven with the admancement of computer and information tech
• the nursing profession became an autonomous discipline due to the increased need for data and development of applications