germany

• What type of government emerged from the revolutionary upheavals in post-war Germany?

  A parliamentary democracy
• What was the public sentiment towards the Weimar Republic among many Germans?

  Hope for overcoming nationalism and conservatism
• What was the impact of frequent changes in government on the Weimar Republic?

  It burdened political stability
• When did a phase of relative stability begin in Germany?

  In 1924
• What characterized the Weimar Republic from 1924 to 1929?

  Internal political calm and economic upswing
• What social groups held political power in the Weimar Republic?

  Catholics, workers, Protestants, middle-class, nationalists
• What was the political landscape like in the Weimar Republic?

  It was torn with different party ideas
• How did the political instability and social misery in the early 1920s affect radical parties?

  It provided ideal breeding ground for them
• What inspired the communist and working-class uprisings in Germany?

  The Russian Revolution
• What happened in March 1920 in Berlin?

  Right-wing military officials attempted a putsch
• What was the public sentiment towards the Treaty of Versailles in Germany?

  It was seen as a dictated and shameful peace
• How did the national right view the Treaty of Versailles?

  As a question of honour to fight against
• What was the consequence of the assassination of Reich Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau?

  It symbolized the hated "Jewish Republic"
• What did hundreds of thousands demonstrate against after Rathenau's assassination?

  Antisemitism and anti-democratic tendencies
• What was the response of the Weimar Republic to the occupation of the Ruhr area in 1923?

  They proclaimed "passive resistance"
• What was the effect of hyperinflation in Germany by November 1923?

  The currency became worthless
• How many people were unemployed in Germany by 1933?

  Over six million
• What was the impact of the Great Depression on people's lives in Germany?

  Many lost jobs and faced homelessness
• Why did people turn to extremist parties during the Great Depression?

  Moderate parties were seen as ineffective
• What did the Communist Party (KPD) believe in?

  Sharing wealth and making everyone equal
• Who did the Communist Party appeal to during the 1930s?

  The working class affected by unemployment
• How did support for the Nazi Party compare to the Communist Party?

  Nazi support grew quicker than Communist support
• What was one of the key pledges of the Nazi Party's 25-Point Programme?

  Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles
• What was the impact of the Wall Street Crash on Germany?

  It caused a banking crisis and economic collapse
• How did the Nazi Party appeal to the middle classes and landowners?

  By promising to protect their wealth and restore the economy
• What did Hitler's propaganda chief, Josef Goebbels, specialize in?

  Projecting a simple message
• What were some promises made by Hitler's propaganda?

  Return to traditional values and employment
• How did the SA (Brownshirts) contribute to the Nazi Party's image?

  They were seen as a Party of order in chaos
• What was Hitler's greatest campaign asset?

  His powerful speaking ability
• How did propaganda portray Hitler to the public?

  As a dynamic man of the moment
• What role did lighting and music play in Mussolini's public events?

  They enhanced the drama of political theatre
• How did the Treaty of Versailles impact German nationalism?

  It fueled resentment and a desire for revenge
• What was the significance of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923?

  It was a failed coup attempt by Hitler
• What cultural aspects characterized the Weimar Republic during the 1920s?

  Consumerism, leisure, and mass culture
• How did economic conditions contribute to the rise of the Nazi Party?

  They exploited public discontent and fear
• What was one of the specific promises made in the Nazi Party's 25-Point Programme?

  Only ‘true’ Germans allowed to live in Germany
• How did the Great Depression affect different social classes in Germany?

  It caused widespread unemployment and hardship
• What was the role of the SA in Nazi propaganda?

  They projected strength and order during chaos
• Why was Hitler's speaking ability significant for his rise to power?

  It captivated and mobilized the public
• What methods did Goebbels use in Nazi propaganda?

  Film, radio, posters, and mass rallies