EAPP sem1

• Critique

  • a report of something such as a political situation or system, or a person's work or ideas, that examines it and provides a judgment, especially a negative one:
• Review

  • the act of considering something again in order to make changes to it, give an opinion of it or study it:
• Proposition

  • an offer or suggestion, usually in business:
  • an idea or opinion:
  • a statement or problem that must be solved or proved to be true or not true:
• reaction paper is a response written by students to explain what they feel about a particular topic or work. It may range from anything like events, questions, ideas, and so on.
• Conclusion

  -The final part of something:

  -The opinion you have after considering all the information about something:
• Thesis

  A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done for a higher college or university degree:

  The main idea, opinion, or theory of a person, group, piece of writing, or speech:
• Contention

  The disagreement that results from opposing arguments:
• Review, which is sometimes called a critique or an evaluative paper, critically and carefully examines another writer’s work, almost like a peer review.
• LANGUAGE A system of spoken, signed, and/or written communication used by humans to express themselves
• Reading involves three steps – pre-reading, during reading and post-reading. (Jordan, 2012)
• Skimming is a type of pre-reading activity that makes the students browse through the text quickly and get to know the extent and organization of the text. This process also assists the reader in evaluating their knowledge about topic which can aid them in formulating predictions about what the text will contain. Ultimately motivate people to read on to check if their existing knowledge will be reinforced or contradicted.
• Persuasive academic writing – the purpose is to get your readers to adopt your answer to the question. So you will choose one answer to your question, support your answer using reason and evidence, and try to change the reader’s point of view about the topic. Persuasive writing assignments include argumentative and position papers.
• Analytical academic writing – the purpose is to explain and evaluate possible answers to your question, choosing the best answer(s) based on your own criteria. Analytical assignments often investigate causes, examine effects, evaluate effectiveness, assess ways to solve problems, find the relationships between various ideas, or analyze other people’s arguments. The “synthesis” part of the purpose comes in when you put together all the parts and come up with your own answer to the question. Examples of these assignments include analysis papers and critical analyses.
• Informative academic writing – the purpose is to explain possible answers to your question, giving the readers new information about your topic. This differs from an analytical topic in that you do not push your viewpoint on the readers, but rather try to enlarge the readers’ views.
• Physical or natural sciences and social sciences are the main categories of the Sciences discipline. Discoveries occur often in this discipline because of the empirical methods used to discover truths. Facts and data are analyzed to arrive at a consistent conclusion.
• Business, products and innovations are utilized by using the persuasive approach to encourage the clients to purchase a product or invest in a company. Project reports, proposals and business plans are common types of requirements in business.
•  Humanities discipline discusses topics to illuminate us on the human experience just as what is done in linguistics, foreign languages, cultural studies, history, anthropology, fine arts, performing arts, ethics, philosophy and linguistics. Reflection papers, with the purpose of explaining and evaluating a poem, a film or a piece of literature, are common in this discipline. However, persuasive and informative essays can also be observed in this field.
• Barry Olson (2013), on the other hand, proposed categorizing academic texts into two genres – concept-driven or data-driven.
• concept-driven text, popular in the social sciences, begins with a hypothesis or theory then works towards an analysis of data gathered from a survey, an interview or another study.
• data-driven content is inductive in nature, where analysis starts with data or facts then leading to a general idea, concept or conclusion. A media content analysis is an example
• THREE STEPS IN READING

  • pre-reading
  • during reading
  • post-reading

  TYPES OF ACADEMIC TEXTS:

  • Sciences
  • Business
  • Humanities

  PURPOSES OF ACADEMIC WRITING:

  • persuasive academic writing
  • analytical  academic writing
  • informative academic writing
• Structure The basic ____ that is used by an academic text is consist of three (3) parts introduction, body, and conclusion which is formal and logical. This kind of structure enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. In academic writing a clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text.
• Tone This refers to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing. The arguments of others are fairly presented and with an appropriate narrative tone. When presenting a position or argument that disagrees with one's

  perspectives, describe the argument

  accurately without loaded or biased language.
• Language It is important to use unambiguous language. Clear topic sentences enable a reader to follow your line of thinking without difficulty. Formal language and the third person point- of-view should be used. Technical language appropriate to area of study may also be used, however, it does not mean using "big words" just for the sake of doing so.
• Citation Citing sources in the body of the paper and providing a list of references as either footnotes or endnotes is a very important aspect of an academic text. It is essential to always acknowledge the source of any ideas, research findings, data, or quoted text that have been used in a paper as a defense against allegations of plagiarism.
• Complexity addresses complex issues that require higher order thinking skills
• Evidence-based arguments What is valued in an academic text is that opinions are based on a sound understanding of the pertinent body of knowledge and academic debates that exist within, and often external to a specific discipline.
• Thesis driven The starting point of an academic text is a particular perspective, idea or position applied to the chosen research problem, such as establishing, proving, or disproving solutions to the questions posed for the topic.
• FORMALITY

  • Use of language appropriate

  in academic and professional settings

  • Follows accepted rules, forms, and conventions of writing in a particular community or discipline
• COMPLEXITY

  • Use of more lexical words than grammatical words

  • Shorter in length, but uses longer, more complex words and phrases
• OBJECTIVITY

  • Emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you

  • Characterized by the use of the third person rather than first person
• IMPERSONALITY avoid statements not supported by examples/evidences and exaggerations
• EXPLICITNESS

  • Refers to the organization of the ideas in the text

  • Shows relationship and connection of the ideas in the text

  • Indicates the source of the idea
• SUMMARY WORD a catch-all noun, a lexical tie
• HEDGING

  • Expresses tentativeness and possibility in communication

  • Cautious or vague language

  • Enables you to express a perspective on claims that have not been acclaimed yet by others
• PRECISION

  • Specifying information, dates, or figures

  Example: Do not use 'a lot of people' when you can say '50 million people'
• ACCURACY

  • Sentences are free from grammatical errors

  • Correct and appropriate words are used
• Summarizing is how we take larger selections of text and reduce them to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main points that are worth noting and remembering. the "general idea in brief form"; it's the distillation, condensation, or reduction of a larger work into its primary notions.
• SOMEBODY WANTED BUT SO cause and effect relationships
• SAAC METHOD - State Assign Action Complete, any kind of text