Heart

• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  Arteries, veins, and capillaries
• What is the function of arteries?

  Transport blood away from the heart
• How do arteries maintain high blood pressure?

  Narrow lumen and thick elastic layer
• What is the function of veins?

  Transport blood to the heart
• What do veins have to prevent backflow?

  Valves
• What is the function of capillaries?

  Exchange substances with cells
• How do capillaries facilitate diffusion?

  Narrow lumen slows blood flow
• What is blood primarily made of?

  Blood plasma and blood cells
• What is the role of platelets in blood?

  Involved in clotting
• What is the function of red blood cells?

  Transport oxygen to and from cells
• What is the role of phagocytes?

  Engulf pathogens
• What is the role of lymphocytes?

  Produce antibodies or antitoxins
• What are the two upper chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What are the two lower chambers of the heart called?

  Ventricles
• What vein brings deoxygenated blood to the heart?

  Vena cava
• What artery carries blood away from the heart to the lungs?

  Pulmonary artery
• What vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  Pulmonary vein
• What happens to blood in the left atrium?

  It flows into the left ventricle
• What happens to blood in the left ventricle?

  It is pumped into the aorta
• What is the largest artery in the body?

  The aorta
• What is the function of the aorta?

  Transport oxygenated blood to the body
• What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?

  Pump blood throughout the body
• What are the two types of heart chambers?

  Atria and ventricles
• How can you remember the order of heart chambers?

  A comes before V in the alphabet
• What blood vessel brings deoxygenated blood to the heart?

  Vena cava
• What happens to blood after it enters the right atrium?

  It flows into the right ventricle
• What does the right ventricle do with the blood?

  Pumps it to the lungs via pulmonary artery
• What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

  Transports blood to the lungs
• What type of blood returns to the heart from the lungs?

  Oxygenated blood
• What is unique about the pulmonary vein?

  It carries oxygenated blood
• What happens to blood in the left atrium?

  It is pushed into the left ventricle
• Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscle wall?

  To contract with greater force
• What is the largest artery in the body?

  Aorta
• What is the human circulatory system known as?

  Double system or double pump system
• What do pacemaker cells control?

  The heart rate
• What can happen if pacemaker cells stop working?

  It can cause arrhythmia
• What is the role of the right side of the heart?

  Pumps blood to the lungs
• What is the function of alveoli in the lungs?

  Gas exchange occurs here
• How does oxygen enter the blood from the alveoli?

  By diffusion
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the alveoli?

  Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli