Topic 9

• Alkanes combust and crack
• carbon in alkenes have double bonds = unsaturated
• alkenes can be hydrated to make alcohol
• alcohol can be dehydrated to form alkene
• alcohol and carboxylic acid react to form esters
• carboxylic acid is COOH
• alcohols are oxidised to form Carboxylic acids
• carboxylic acids react like normal acids
• carboxylic acids are weak acids - don’t disassociate in water
• yeast produces ethanol during anaerobic respiration
• all drinking alcohol produced by fermentation
• anaerobic respiration is when there is not enough oxygen
• Alkenes react with bromine water because the carbons have double bonds for bromine to be added on
• Alcohols react readily with oxygen
• carboxylic acids can be reduced to make alcohol
• Polymers can be burnt but will release toxic gases
• Recycling creates jobs but takes time to sort into seperate groups
• Landfill is easy but uses up space of useful land
• flame photometer measures the light from flames
• Condensation polymerisation is joining monomers together to make a polymer and water
• Instruments are = more accurate and sensitive, faster than humans
• Flame emission spectroscopy is a method used to test concentration of metal ions
• instruments are expensive
• Bromine water remains colourless for alkene
• Polymers are not biodegradable
• if burned yellow flame = incomplete combustion and carbon monoxide produced
• isomers have double bond with same molecular formula but different molecular structure
• Alkenes unsaturated because the carbon has double bond