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• Market research involves gathering information about potential customers' needs, preferences, behaviors, and demographics.
• Human rights are considered to be as old as human society itself because the concept and recognition of individuals having inherent rights and freedoms has always been present in different cultures and civilizations throughout history.
• The Constitution aimed to strengthen democracy by enshrining various reforms that would protect human rights, establish a separation of powers, promote decentralization, and include economic provisions for the benefit of the Filipino people.
• The term "Rights of Man" originally refers to a set of basic human rights that are believed to be inherent to all individuals by virtue of their humanity.
• These rights are asserted by citizens in order to protect themselves against tyrannical governments or oppressive regimes.
• Natural rights inherent in human beings, not dependent in government, which include life, liberty, and property.
• Natural rights are rights which all humans are born with.
• The term human rights also replaced the later phrase the rights of Man, which was not universally understood to include the rights of women.
• The term “human rights” is more inclusive and gender-neutral than the term “rights of man”, which was historically used to refer to the natural rights of men, often excluding women, slaves, and other marginalized groups.
• The term “human rights” also reflects the universal and indivisible nature of these rights, which apply to all human beings regardless of their identity or status.
• The term human rights is relatively new, and replaced the older term natural rights, which was linked to the concept of natural law.
• “Natural rights and the right of man” were precursors to the term human rights, with natural rights being an earlier concept and the right of man being a specific expression of rights within a national context.
• The term "human rights" became more inclusive, encompassing the rights of all individuals regardless of nationality, race, gender, or other characteristics.
• The Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines introduced Western concepts of law and governance.
• During the Spanish colonial era, Filipinos were subjected to harsh and brutal government, resulting in widespread discontent and rebellion.
• The Katipunan, a revolutionary secret society, formed in the late nineteenth century to fight for Filipino independence and acknowledgment of basic human rights.
• The Spanish Royal Decree of 1863, known as the Maura Law, was a law that reformed the local government system in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
• The Philippine Revolution, initiated by a call for freedom and human rights, culminated in the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898 that was led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
• Human rights in 1896 were limited and varied greatly depending on the country and the social, cultural, and political context.
• The American occupation of the Philippines took place from 1898 to 1946.
• The Malolos Constitution, also known as the Constitution of the Revolutionary Government, was established in 1899 and established the First Philippine Republic, defining the government's structure, people's rights, and Filipino ambitions for independence.
• By the early 1970s, Marcos faced mounting opposition due to allegations of corruption, human rights abuses, and discontent over widening socioeconomic disparities.
• During the period of martial law under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1972 to 1981, human rights were severely violated, leading to increased awareness and activism.
• The Malolos Constitution laid the groundwork for the protection of human rights in the Philippines, acknowledging the importance of individual liberties and equality.
• During the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945), Filipinos were temporarily deprived of the enjoyment of their civil and political rights, but in 1945, the civil and political rights were restored.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, establishes the fundamental human rights that must be universally protected, and it serves as the cornerstone for protecting human rights in the Philippines.
• The Philippine Constitution of 1937, also known as the Commonwealth Act, established the Commonwealth of the Philippines as a transitional government, based on democratic, separation of-powers, and constitutional ideas, before Ferdinand Marcos' martial law rule.
• The revolution began on February 22, 1986, when around 2 million Filipinos gathered along in Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) to protest and to overthrow President Ferdinand Marcos.
• The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines was a response to the authoritarian rule of President Ferdinand Marcos, who declared martial law in 1972 and ruled the country with an iron fist.
• The New People's Army (NPA), a communist insurgency, formed in the 1970s with the goal of overthrowing Marcos' administration.
• In the year of 1986, a peaceful revolution called the People Power Revolution or EDSA Revolution took place, leading to the restoration of democracy in the country and a renewed focus on human rights.
• During the occupation, the United States implemented various reforms in the Philippines.
• Ferdinand Marcos became the president of the Philippines in 1965 and was reelected for a second term in 1969.
• The 1935 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, first adopted on May 14, 1935, was enacted during the Commonwealth period and included strong protections to protect human rights.
• They established a civil government, introduced modern infrastructure, improved education, and brought about economic development.
• Human rights are as old as human society itself.
• Human rights, originally known as "Rights of Man", are asserted by the citizens against tyrannical governments.
• The term human rights also replaced the later phrase the "rights of man", which was not universally understood to include the rights of women.
• Human rights become rights in the Philippines through constitutional provisions, national legislation, international treaties, the work of national human rights institutions, and access to justice through the courts.
• Human rights are fundamental rights and freedoms that are inherently granted to every human being.