The back

• The thoracic region contains twelve vertebrae with large bony projections called transverse processes on either side
• What does the upper cervical facet joints encourage

  Flexion, extension, rotation
• What does the lower cervical facet joint encourage

  Flexion and extension
• What limits the lower cervical facet joints

  Lateral bending and rotation
• What superior facet is the lower cervical facet joints

  Posterior and interior
• What inferior facet is the lower cervical facet joints

  Anterior and inferior
• What direction is the superior facet in the thoracic facet

  Posterior and vertical
• What direction is the inferior facet in the thoracic facet facing

  Anterior and vertical
• What does the thoracic facet joints encourage

  Lateral bending and rotation
• What limits the thoracic facet joints

  Flexion and extension
• Which direction is the superior facet facing in the lumbar facet joints

  Posterior and medial
• What encourages the lumbar facet joints

  Flexion and extension
• What limits the lateral bending and rotation

  Lateral bending and rotation
• What is the posterior longitudinal ligament

  Dense band along the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies from C2 to sacrum
• What is the ligamentum flava

  Thin broad ligament that connects lamina to laminate of vertebrae from C2 to sacrum
• What is the supraspinous ligament

  Thin ligament connecting tips of spinous processes from C7 to sacrum
• What is the ligamentum nuchae

  Thicker triangle formed b/t external occipital protuberance, foramen magnum
• What is one of the comments of the intervertebral discs

  Annulus fibrosis , outer ring that is tough fibrocartilage
• What is one of the components for the annulus fibrosis

  Nucleus pulposus ( inner mass) that is 80 % -90% water, decreases with age
• What are ucocvertebral joints

  Uncinate processes of inferior vertebral bodies + body of superior vertebra