Sci - 2nd quarter

• Oxytocin


  A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
• antidiuretic hormone (ADH)


  hormone that influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
• hypothalamus


  A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
• hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes, ovaries, pineal gland, thymus

  parts of endocrine system
• controls growth, development, and metabolism; maintains homeostasis

  endocrine system function
• neurotransmitter-triggers response quickly & bridge gap between 2 neuronshormones-act for longer period of time & trigger distant target cell


  difference between neurotransmitter and hormones
• endocrine system


  Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.
• parasympathetic nervous system

  the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
• sympathetic nervous system


  the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations(fight or flight)
• sympathetic and parasympathetic


  two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
• autonomic nervous system


  A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
• somatic nervous system


  the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary body movement
• somatic and autonomic nervous system


  two portions of the motor division of the PNS
• Peripheral Nervous System functions


  communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body
• peripheral nervous system


  A division of the nervous system consisting of all nerves that are not part of the brain or spinal cord.
• spinal cord


  - tubelike structure of neurons- serves as information highway
• brain stem


  Connects the brain to the spinal cord. Controls involuntary, life-sustaining activities such as breathing, heart rate, sleeping, and maintaining consciousness.
• Cerebellum


  part of the brain that stores information to do repititive actions (balance, posture, coordination)
• Cerebrum


  controls the memory, language, thought, and processes touch and visual information
• cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem


  three main parts of the brain
• Central Nervous System (CNS)


  consists of the brain and spinal cord
• Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


  Major divisions of the nervous system
• endorphin


  a neurotransmitter similar to the opiate morphine that relieves pain and may induce feelings of pleasure
• Glutamate


  A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
• Acetylcholine


  A neurotransmitter that enables learning and also triggers muscle contraction
• GABA


  Neurotransmitter that usually communicates an inhibitory message(calming)
• Serotonin


  neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
• Noradrenaline and adrenaline


  The release of these underpins the fight or flight response
• Dopamine


  A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
• reflex


  a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus
• Neurotransmitters


  Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another
• Synapse


  Gap between neurons
• motor neurons (efferent)


  neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
• Interneurons


  neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
• sensory neurons (afferent)


  neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
• sensory, interneurons, motor


  3 types of neurons
• dendrites, soma, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, node of ranvier, schwann cell, axon terminal

  parts of neuron
• Neuron


  a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. (basic unit of the nervous system)
• sensing the world, transmitting of information, processing of information, producing a response


  Functions of the nervous system
• involuntary actions


  actions we can't control