bioquímica

• Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus made up of DNA and proteins.
• Mitosis consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• Cell division involves mitosis (the separation of chromosomes) and cytokinesis (the division of cytoplasm).
• The cell cycle is the process by which cells grow, divide, and reproduce.
• Prophase is characterized by chromatin condensing into visible chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaking down, centrioles moving to opposite poles, and spindle fibers forming between them.
• Metaphase involves chromosomes lining up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Anaphase includes sister chromatids separating from one another and being pulled towards opposite ends of the cell by microtubules.
• The cell cycle is divided into interphase (G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase), followed by mitotic phase (prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
• In the M phase, cells divide through mitosis to produce two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
• Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares to divide.
• During interphase, cells grow and replicate their genetic material.
• Metaphase is marked by chromosomes lining up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Anaphase begins with sister chromatids separating at their centromeres and being pulled apart by microtubules towards opposite ends of the cell.
• Telophase includes the formation of two new nuclei from duplicated chromosomes, reassembly of the nuclear membrane around each set of chromosomes, and the beginning of cytokinesis.
• Anaphase includes sister chromatids separating at their centromeres and being pulled apart by microtubules towards opposite ends of the cell.