Factors affecting solubility

• Match the ion type with its characteristic:

  Cation ↔️ Positive charge

  Anion ↔️ Negative charge
• What determines how ionic compounds interact with water?

  Intermolecular forces
• Ionic compounds are gases at room temperature.

  False
• How are ionic compounds formed?

  Electron transfer from metals to non-metals
• Steps in the formation of ionic compounds

  1️⃣ Electron transfer from metal to non-metal

  2️⃣ Formation of positive ions (cations)

  3️⃣ Formation of negative ions (anions)

  4️⃣ Electrostatic attraction between ions
• Steps in the dissolution of an ionic compound by water

  1️⃣ Water molecules approach the ionic lattice

  2️⃣ Hydrogen bonds form with ions

  3️⃣ Polar interactions break the lattice structure

  4️⃣ Ions dissolve in water
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H₂O
• In which solvent does sugar have high solubility?

  Water
• What happens to the solubility of gases in liquids as pressure increases?

  Increases
• Why does temperature affect the solubility of ionic compounds?

  Increases kinetic energy
• What type of compounds are formed when electrons are transferred from metals to non-metals?

  Ionic compounds
• All ionic compounds show the same temperature dependence on solubility

  False
• What is the energy range for ion-dipole forces?

  40-600 kJ/mol
• What is the ionic compound used in the example of the common ion effect?

  Silver chloride (AgCl)
• What does $k_{H}$ represent in Henry's Law?


  Henry's constant
• Steps explaining the common ion effect

  1️⃣ A slightly soluble ionic compound dissolves in water

  2️⃣ A soluble salt with a common ion is added

  3️⃣ The concentration of the common ion increases

  4️⃣ The solubility equilibrium shifts back

  5️⃣ The solubility of the ionic compound decreases
• Match the property with its description:

  Formation ↔️ Electron transfer from metals to non-metals

  Type of Bonds ↔️ Strong electrostatic forces between ions

  Phase at Room Temperature ↔️ Solid

  Electrical Conductivity ↔️ Conducts when dissolved or molten
• What is the solubility of AgCl in pure water (g/L)?

  1.43 x 10⁻³
• What does the graph represent?

  Mole fraction vs. pressure
• Electrostatic forces in ionic compounds are weak.

  False
• What is the solubility of AgCl in a solution with added NaCl (g/L)?

  4.6 x 10⁻⁴
• What is the common ion effect?

  Decrease in solubility
• Which compound in the graph shows a smaller temperature dependence on solubility?

  NaCl
• What type of bond does water form with ions like Na+?

  Hydrogen bond
• What is the solubility of sand in water?

  Low