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• Chloramphenicol can cause Gray baby syndrome which includes disturbances in GI, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal distention, diarrhea, hypothermia, hypotension, and cyanosis.
• Chloramphenicol can cause 3rd plastic anemia which is an idiosyncratic reaction.
• Chloramphenicol can cause bone marrow depression.
• Vancomycin can cause Redman synrome which is a skin rash/flushing caused by histamine release brought about by rapid IV infusion of the drug.
• Digoxin can cause hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, and hypomagnesemia which predisposes the patient to digoxin toxicity, also co-administration of quinidine can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
• Succinylcholine/Suxamethonium can cause malignant hyperthermia usually with an inhalational anesthetic, muscle weakness, hyperkalemia.
• Lithium is used as a treatment for mania but it's important to recognize early signs of toxicity such as gl upset, difficulty in concentration, fine hand tremors.
• Lithium toxicity can be treated with NSS infusion, osmotic diuretics, hemodialysis.
• Antidepressants can cause serotonin syndrome which includes agitation, drowsiness, confusion, tachycardia, hyperreflexia, and coma.
• Fluidextracts are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs, containing alcohol as solvent or as a preservative, each milliliter containing the therapeutic constituents of 1 g of the standard drug that it represents (100%).
• Percolation is a method of extraction where the ground drug is mixed with the appropriate quantity of the prescribed solvent to make it evenly and uniformly damp, allowed to stand for 15 minutes, then transferred to a percolator and packed, and sufficient prescribed solvent is added to saturate the drug.
• Symptomatic changes are changes in odor, taste, or substances.
• Tinctures are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances, representing the activity of 10 g of the drug in each 100 ml of the tincture (10% w/v).
• Mechanistic toxicology is concerned with identifying and understanding the cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms by which chemicals exert their effects.
• Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agents on living organisms.
• Decoction is a process of extracting the water-soluble and heat-stable constituents of crude drugs by boiling water for 15 minutes.
• Powdered extracts are prepared by a process known as digestion, which involves using gentle heat during the extraction process.
• Infusion is a process of maceration in hot or cold water.
• Risk assessment is the quantitative estimate of the potential effects on human health and environmental significance of various types of chemical exposures.
• MAOI can cause anxiety, restlessness, flushing, headache, tremor, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, sweating, shivering, tachypnea, tachycardia, and hyperthermia.
• Isoniazid can cause nasos and vomiting, slurred speech, ataxia, GTC seizures, and coma.
• Ethereal refers to substances that are ethereal to the touch.
• Oleaginous Solutions contain vitamins, usually A and D, dissolved in fish-liver oil.
• Types of emulsions include washable & water-soluble emulsions, non-washable emulsions, and microemulsions.
• Toothache drops are preparations used for temporary relief of toothache by applying a small pledget of cotton saturated with the product to the tooth cavity.
• Reasons for formulating emulsions include prolonging drug action, increasing stability, increasing solubility/absorption, and improving taste and appearance.
• Oleaginous refers to substances that are oily to the touch.
• Methods of preparing emulsions include the Dry Gum (Continental) Method, Wet Gum (English) Method, and Bottle or Forbes Method.
• Ethereal Solutions include Pyroxylin, which is produced by the action of a mixture of pic-acid and sulphur-acid on cellulose triacetate.
• Tests for emulsions include the Dye Solubility Test, Electrical Conductivity Test, Fluorescence Test, and others.
• Whisky is a fermented malt drink.
• Anesthetic compounds used in toothache drops include eugenol (clove oil), benzocaine, camphor, creosote, menthol, alcohol, and soluble gun cotton.
• Distillation is the process of heating juice of ripe grapes to produce Brandy.
• Liniments are solutions or mixtures of various substances, including oil, alcohol, and emulsions, and may contain suitable antimicrobial preservatives.
• Emulsions are mixtures of two or more immiscible phases, such as oil and water, and can improve taste and appearance.
• Beta-blockers can cause hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, convulsions, coma and respiratory arrest.
• Flavored syrup is syrup with flavor.
• Fruit juices, preserved with and allowed to stand at room temperature for several days until cloudy, are destroyed by enzymatic action.
• Oxytocin is used for milk letdown.
• Bricanyl (Terbutaline) and Ventolin (Salbutamol BP / Albuterol USP) are examples of inhaled bronchodilators.