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Paper 1
Cell biology!
exchange surfaces
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Created by
Holly Rashid
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Cards (26)
What concept explains why multicellular organisms need exchange surfaces and a transport system?
Surface area to volume ratio
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What do gills do for fish?
Increase
gas transport rate
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How do molecules move in and out of cells?
By
diffusion
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What is the surface area to volume ratio of a single-celled organism like an amoeba?
High
surface
area for its
volume
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How does oxygen enter an amoeba?
Diffuses
through its
membrane
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How do you calculate the surface area of a cube with side length 1 mm?
6 square mm
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What is the volume of a cube with side length 1 mm?
1
cubic mm
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What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side length 1 mm?
6:1
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What is the surface area of a cube with side length 2 mm?
24
square
mm
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What is the volume of a cube with side length 2 mm?
8
cubic mm
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What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side length 2 mm?
3:1
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What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side length 3 mm?
2:1
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Why do multicellular organisms face a problem with gas exchange?
Surface area
isn't large enough for
volume
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How do animals solve the problem of gas exchange?
Special
structures
and a
transport system
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What do fish use to obtain oxygen from water?
Gills
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How does oxygen-rich water enter a fish?
Through
the mouth
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What happens to oxygen in the gills of fish?
It
diffuses
into the
bloodstream
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What adaptations do gill filaments have to increase diffusion rate?
Massive
surface area, thin
membrane,
efficient
blood supply
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Why is a high concentration gradient important for diffusion in gills?
It ensures
efficient
oxygen
uptake
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What are the key adaptations of gill filaments for gas exchange?
Massive
surface area
Thin
membrane
for short diffusion pathway
Efficient
blood
supply
to maintain
concentration
gradient
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What are the implications of a low surface area to volume ratio in multicellular organisms?
Insufficient
gas exchange for inner cells
Need for
specialized
structures for gas exchange
Requirement for a transport system to distribute gases
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what are the adaptations of the filaments to increase rate of diffusion
large
surface area
thin
membrane
efficient
blood supply
how does a thin membrane increase diffusion rate
provides a
short
diffusion
pathway
what are the gills covered in
fine
fillaments
what blood passes into fillaments
deoxygenated
what do happens in fine fillaments
gases
pass in and out f
blood