Socialization

• VICTOR OF AVEYRON - In 1798, a child walked on all fours and could not speak was found in the forests of Aveyron, France
• VICTOR OF AVEYRON - The child gave no indication of feeling the cold; and the human boy would growl
• VICTOR OF AVEYRON - When he saw a small animal, pounce on it and devour it uncooked
• Nature - Human behavior is determined by Genetics/Biology
• Nature - Heredity plays the important role in Human behavior
• Nature - Genes provide the blueprint for all behaviors some present from birth and other programed to emerge with age
• Francis Galton Psychologist coined the terms 'nature versus nurture' and 'eugenics' and believed that intelligence resulted from genetics.
• Francis Galton Psychologist also felt that intelligent individuals should be encouraged to marry and have many children, while less intelligent individuals should be discouraged from reproducing
• Nurture - Behavior is determined by the environment - the things people teach them and the things that they observe
• Nurture - Behavior shaped by interaction with the environment
• NURTURE - This is includes a variety of influences such as parenting style, educational experiences and cultural background
• TABULA RASA "BLANK SLATE" (John Locke) - the theory that at birth the (human) mind is a "blank slate" without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's sensory experiences
• Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura) - Emphasizes the role of observational learning in shaped Personality
• Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura) - It posits that people learn not only in direct experience but also by observing and modeling the behavior of others.
• Social Learning Theory (Albert Bandura) - This theory that suggests that individuals acquired new skills, attitudes and values by imitating the action of role models and by receiving reinforcement based on observed others
• Bobo Doll Experiment (Albert Bandura) - He studied children's behaviour after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll
• Bobo Doll Experiment (Albert Bandura) - The most notable variation of the experiment measured the children's behaviour after seeing the altult model rewarded, punished, or experience no consequence for physically abusing the Bobo doll
• Socialization refers to the process through which individuals acquired the cultural, norms, values, beliefs and behaviors of their society or social groups
• Socialization is a lifelong process that begins in childhood and continues throughout one's life.
• Agents of Socialization - People and groups that influence our orientations to life—

  our self-concept, emotions, attitudes and behaviors

  
  

  1. Family

  2. The Neighborhood

  3. Religion

  4. Day Care

  5. The School and Peers Group

  6. The Workplace
• Primary Socialization occurs between the child and those people in his/her life with whom he/she has a close, personal, and intimate face-toface relationship
• For most people, the first primary relationships they form are with their parents, siblings, grandparents, and other family members
• Secondary Socialization occurs between the individual and those people in their life with whom they have secondary relationships
• A secondary relationship is one in which the individual does not have a close, personal, intimate or face-to-face relationship with the people that are responsible for the socialization process
• It is through secondary socialization that people learn how to behave in different situations and come to see themselves as members of specific groups, such as their religious community, their workplace, or their country
• Anticipatory Socialization is process by which people learn about future roles and expectations in order to prepare for them
• Anticipatory Socialization is often happens before a person enters into a new social situation, such as starting a new job
• Developmental Socialization is a learning process wherein the focus in on developing social skills or on learning behavior within a social institution
• Differential Socialization is the process by which people of different groups are socialized differently. This can be due to their class, race, or gender
• Resocialization is the process by which someone learns new norms, values, and behaviors
• Resocialization, most typically involves partially or completely redefining the traits of the role that a person had previously occupied
• Resocialization often happens when a person enters into a new social situation, such as starting a new job
• Desocialization is process by which someone experiences role loss and an accompanying loss of associated power or prestige
• Desocialization can happen when a person leaves a job, goes through a divorce, or retires
• CHARLES COOLEY

  • Born on August 17, 1864 An American Sociologist Graduated from the University of Michigan in 1887, and continued with a year's training in mechanical engineering
  • He created "looking-glass self" and introduced into his work Human Nature and the Social Order
  • It is described as our reflection of how we think we appear to others
• Looking-Glass Self contains three elements:

  1. We imagine how we appear to those around us
  2. We interpret other reactions
  3. We develop a self-concept.

  We continually modify the self. The self is never a finished product but is always in process, even into old age
• GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

  • Born on February 27, 1864, Massachusetts, United States An American Sociologist
  • He studied Philosophy and Psychology at Harvard University
  • Mead's theory of the social self is based on the perspective that the self emerges from social interactions
• Social Self Theory's three stages:

  1. Imitation

  2. Play

  3. Games
• SIGMUND FREUD

  • Born on May 8, 1856, in Moraiva, Austrian Empire (now, Czech Republic)
  • Austrian Neurologist
  • In 1881, he graduated in University of Vienna in Medicine Faculty
  • Created Psycholoanalysis to treat Psychopathology
• FREUD ICEBERG MODEL

  1. Conscious Mind
  2. Preconscious Mind
  3. Unconscious Mind