L7 - River management, hard and soft engineering

• this is flood warnings and preparation

  
• this is tree planting

  
• this is river restoration

  
• hard engineering

  uses heavy machinery to build artificial structures which work against nature to reduce the risk of flooding by controlling the river
• soft engineering

  involves adapting to a river and learning how to live with the flooding. it is often cheaper but less effective than hard engineering. it seeks to work with nature to reduce the effects of flooding
• planting trees

  planting trees in the river valley increases interception of rainwater and helps to increase the lag time, therefore reducing likelihood of flooding
• flood warnings and preparation

  warning is when the environment agency warns people about possible flooding and preparation is when buildings are modified to reduce the amount of damage that can be done
• river restoration

  the river is returned to a more natural state, usually after being over engineered