Chemistry

• Matter is anything that occupies space, has mass and volume, and can be in the form of a solid, liquid, or gas.
• A solid has a definite shape and definite volume.
• A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
• A gas is a substance without definite volume or shape.
• Plasma is an ionized gas that contains positive ions and electrons.
• Physical properties are traits of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the matter.
• Color in matter is how the object absorbs and reflects light.
• Texture in matter is how the substance looks and feels.
• Temperature in matter is a measure of the average kinetic energy (energy of motion) of particles in a substance.
• Mass in matter is the amount of matter in an object (in g or kg).
• Weight in matter is the force acted upon that object due to gravity.
• Volume in matter is the amount of space an object occupies (in mL, L, cm3, m3, etc.).
• Density in matter is the amount of mass in a given volume.
• Luster in matter is the way that a substance reflects light (metallic, non-metallic, glassy, pearly, dull).
• Ductility in matter is the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire.
• Malleability in matter is the ability of a substance to be hammered flat and to retain the new shape.
• State (phase) of matter includes freezing (liquid to solid), melting (solid to liquid), vaporization (liquid to gas), condensation (gas to liquid), sublimation (solid to gas), deposition (gas to solid), ionization (gas to plasma), and recombination (plasma to gas).
• Thermal Conductivity in matter is the ability to transfer thermal energy from one area to another.
• Solubility in matter is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance.
• Hardness in matter is a measure of how easily a material is scratched.
• Chemical properties are properties of matter that describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties.
• Reactivity with oxygen in matter can lead to rusting (iron) or tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc.).
• Reactivity with acids or bases in matter can lead to changes such as corrosion or pH changes.
• Combustibility or Flammability in matter can lead to changes such as burning or fire.
• Chemical formula in matter is what something is made of is always a chemical property.
• Extensive properties in matter are properties that are dependent on amount of matter, such as when you weigh more atoms or molecules of a substance, the weight registered also increases.
• Intensive properties in matter are properties that are not dependent on amount, such as the sweet taste of sugar does not change no matter how much you eat.
• Physical change in matter is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance, does not form new substances, and can often be undone, such as butter melting and being placed back in refrigerator.
• Chemical change in matter is a change that occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties, cannot change back under normal conditions, and is common examples include reactions like oxidation (rust) and combustion.
• Matter is anything that occupies space and displays the properties of mass and inertia.
• Composition refers to the parts or components of a sample of matter and their relative proportions.
• A single water molecule consists of two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms.
• Property is any characteristic that allows us to recognize and distinguish one type of matter from other types.
• Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.
• Chemical properties are characteristics that can only be observed after changing the identity of a substance.
• Intensive properties are properties that are not affected by the amount of matter.
• Extensive properties are properties that are affected by the amount of matter.
• Matter can be classified into three basic states: solid, liquid, and gas.