ICT

• message source is the sender or origin of the message
• encoder or encoding is the process of turning thoughts into communication
• decoder or decoding is a process of turning communication into thoughts
• Channel is a passageway, a means of access for a thing ,a communication, or an idea
• message destination is the final recipient or the one who receives the message sent by the message source
• sender and receiving device is used to communicate with one another. it can be a computer, server, tablet, mobile phone, or any appliance with access to the network.
• Medium is how the devices are connected. It can be a wired or wireless form of media
• Network devices are devices that connect the end devices to allow them to communicate. they can be in the form of switches, hubs or concentrators
• message is the information or data that travels over the medium. it can be a form of voice or video
• client is a device that is requesting for information
• server is a device that responds to the request of a client
• the client and server are known as end devices
• Bandwidth describes the maximum data transfer rate of a network or internet connection
• throughput refers to how much data can be transferred from one location to another in a given amount of time
• in hub, each connected device is on the same subnet and receives all data sent to the hub.
• in switch Multiple data cables are plugged to enable communication between different networked devices
• a hub is a device that links multiple computers and devices together.
• A switch is a device in a computer network that connects other devices together.
• Routers has no limits in local networks and that also allows us to connect to external networks and configure them as a repeater
• Octets are set of numbers in IP Address that identifies any network device (computer, printer, camera, router, switch, etc.)
• IP Address is a unique identifier assigned to each device connected to a computer network.
• IPv4 address is a specific version or type of IP Address that we all came to know and become accustomed with.
• dotted decimal is the set of octets
• class A is for Government
• Class B is for Medium Companies
• Class C small companies
• Class D is for Multicasting
• Class E is for experimental
• Subnet masks  are used to set or assign a logical network within a network
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)Is a system built into every server operating system that allows computers or hosts to join IP-based networks with minimal manual configuration.
• •OSI stands for Open System Interconnection.
• •The organization that developed the model is ISO,  International Organization for Standardization.
• OSI serves as the foundation for all networking technologies
• the upper layer of OSI is APPLICATION,PRESENTATION,SESSION
• THE LOWER LAYER OF OSI IS TRANSPORT, NETWORK, DATA LINK,PHYSICAL
• application layer is all about the different applications or programs you use to create and send or receive and read your email with.
• PRESENTATION LAYER

    Is responsible for data conversion and translation to ensure that the same data will be readable by the receiving station.
• SESSION LAYER

    It’s role is to determine how two devices or machines establish a connection. It also deals with how the connection is maintained and managed especially for handling errors.
• TRANSPORT LAYER

    These deal mostly with how data is transported throughout the network. In these layers, it’s all going to be the mechanics of how devices or machines communicate and transfer data from one machine to the other.
• The network layer uses network addresses (typically Internet Protocol addresses) to route packets to a destination node.