Cardiovascular System and Respiratory

• What is the cardiovascular system responsible for?

  Transport of blood throughout the body
• How does blood flow through the cardiovascular system?

  From the heart to lungs, then to the body
• What does the right atrium do?

  Receives blood from the right side of the heart
• What is the function of the right ventricle?

  Passes blood through the pulmonary artery to lungs
• What does the left atrium do?

  Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
• What is the function of the left ventricle?

  Sends blood to the aorta and the rest of the body
• What are arteries responsible for?

  Taking blood away from the heart
• What is the function of veins?

  Return blood back to the heart
• What do capillaries do?

  Site of exchange between blood and tissues
• What happens to oxygen-poor blood in the cardiovascular system?

  Flows from the right heart to lungs for oxygenation
• How does blood become oxygenated?

  It goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
• What is the final destination of oxygenated blood?

  Flows from the left heart through the aorta
• What is angina?

  Pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
• What are the functions and structures of the three types of blood vessels?

  • Arteries:
  • Function: Carry high pressure blood away from heart
  • Structure: Thick, elastic walls with smooth muscle
  • Veins:
  • Function: Return low-pressure blood back to heart
  • Structure: Thin, less elastic walls with valves
  • Capillaries:
  • Function: Site of exchange between blood and tissues
  • Structure: Very thin walls (one cell layer)
• What is coagulation?

  Blood clotting
• What is the function of coagulation?

  Stops excessive bleeding after injury
• What is a stroke?

  Occurs when blood supply to the brain is blocked
• What are the three types of blood vessels?

  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
• What are the functions of arteries, veins, and capillaries?

  • Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
  • Veins: Return blood to the heart
  • Capillaries: Exchange substances between blood and tissues
• What is the composition of inhaled air in terms of nitrogen percentage?

  79%
• What is the composition of inhaled air in terms of oxygen percentage?

  21%
• What is the composition of inhaled air in terms of carbon dioxide percentage?

  0.04%
• What is the composition of inhaled air in terms of water vapour?

  Variable
• How does oxygen change from inhaled to exhaled air?

  It decreases due to respiration
• What happens to carbon dioxide levels in exhaled air?

  It increases due to respiration
• What affects the amount of water vapour in exhaled air?

  Humidity of the day
• What gas cannot be used by the body in the lungs?

  Nitrogen
• What are the factors that can affect the exact percentages of gases in air?

  • Experimenter differences
  • Environmental conditions
  • Level of physical activity
  • Presence of lung disease
• How does nitrogen behave in the body during respiration?

  It remains unchanged as it is unused
• By how much does oxygen decrease in exhaled air?

  Approximately 5%
• By how much does carbon dioxide increase in exhaled air?

  Approximately 4%
• What is the most common gas in the air?

  Nitrogen
• What gas is essential for respiration?

  Oxygen
• What is carbon dioxide classified as in the body?

  Waste gas
• How does water vapour in the air vary?

  According to humidity levels
• Why might some jobs require an oxygen tank?

  Oxygen percentage is too low
• What is tidal volume?

  Volume of air breathed at rest
• What is vital capacity?

  Maximum air exhaled after deep breath
• What is inspiratory reserve volume?

  Extra air inhaled after normal inspiration
• What is expiratory reserve volume?

  Extra air exhaled after normal expiration