CHAP 1 Psych

• Mental health is a state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize his/her potential, cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively, and make a contribution to the community.
• Mental health provides people with the capacity for rational thinking, communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience, and self-esteem.
• Mental illness includes disorders that affect mood, behavior, thinking, and often cause significant distress or impaired functioning, or both.
• The DNP is not to be confused with a doctoral in nursing or PhD, which is a research degree, whereas the DNP is a practice doctorate.
• The psychiatric mental health advance practice registered nurse (PMH-APRN) is a licensed RN with a master of science in nursing (MSN) or doctor and nursing practice (DNP) in psychiatric nursing.
• Some advanced practice nurses continue their education to the PhD level.
• The PMH-APRN may function autonomously depending on the state and is eligible for specialty privileges.
• The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellness, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
• Mental health and mental illness can be conceptualized as points along a mental health continuum.
• On one end of the continuum is mental health, characterized by adequate high-level functioning.
• Individuals of the continuum may experience stress and discomfort resulting from problems of everyday life, they experience no serious impairments in daily functioning.
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, standardizes nomenclature, language, identifies defining characteristics or symptoms, and assists in identifying underlying causes.
• The American Nurses Association and standards of care are authoritative statements by professional organizations that describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable.
• Elements of recovery, including the ability to maintain housing, employment, and social support, that help individuals reengage in seeking meaningful lives are a part of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Phenomena of Concern.
• Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Phenomena of Concern include the promotion of optimal mental and physical health and well-being and prevention of mental illness, impaired ability to function related to psychiatric, emotional, and physiologic distress, alterations in thinking, perceiving, and communicating because of psychiatric disorders or mental health problems, behaviors and mental states that indicate potential danger to self or others, emotional stress related to illness, pain, disability, and loss, symptom management, side effects, or toxicities associated with self-administered drugs
• Hildegard Peplau published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952 and Interpersonal Techniques: The Crux of Psychiatric Nursing in 1962, describing the therapeutic nurse-client relationship.
• June Mellow's 1968 book, Nursing Therapy, focuses on the client's psychosocial needs and strengths.
• Societal factors such as violence, poverty, and substance abuse are also a part of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Phenomena of Concern.
• Psychiatric mental health nursing is the nursing specialty that is dedicated to promoting mental health through the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral problems, mental disorders, and comorbid conditions across the lifespan.
• Psychiatric mental health nurses work with people throughout their lifespan: children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly.
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor was developed as an antidepressant and should be avoided if consuming tyramine-containing foods such as cheese.
• Emil Kraepelin classified mental disorders according to their symptoms.
• Treatment of mental illness in the 21st century still lags in homeless and those with substance abuse problems.
• Federal legislations include the Mental Health Systems Act, the Mental Health Services for Children, and the Mental Health Parity Act.
• Mental health nurses assist people in crisis, those with long term mental illness, individuals with dual diagnoses, homeless persons and families, forensic patients, and individuals who have survived abusive situations.
• Eugen Bleuler coined the term schizophrenia.
• Mental illness refers to the brain, the most complex part of the body, responsible for the higher thought processes that set us apart from all other creatures.
• Healthy People 2020 objectives include increasing the number of people identified, diagnosed, treated, helped to live healthier lives.
• Mental health nurses work with patients in hospitals, in their homes, in halfway houses, in shelters, in clinics, in storefronts, on the street — virtually everywhere.
• Historically, those with mental disorders were viewed as either divine or demonic, depending on their behavior.
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Haloperidol (Haldol), Benzodiazepines, and other drugs are used to treat mental disorders.
• The Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act was enacted in 1963 and deinstitutionalization is a deliberate shift from institutional care in state hospitals to community facilities.
• Early Christians viewed mental illness as possession by demons.
• The first two drugs to be developed for mental disorders were Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and Lithium.
• After passing the examination a board-certified credential is added to the RN title resulting in RN BC.
• Eventually, they along with psychiatric nurse’s practitioners who were introduced in the mid-1960s gained diagnosis privileges, prescriptive authority, the ability to provide psychotherapy.
• Mental health nurses work with individuals, couples, families, and groups in every nursing setting.
• Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) is a comprehensive source for standardized outcomes and definitions of these outcomes.
• The period of scientific study and treatment about mental disorder began with Sigmund Freud, who challenged society to view human beings objectively.
• The NIC defines a nursing intervention as: “any treatment, based upon clinical judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient/client outcomes” including direct and indirect care through a series of nursing activities.