Human Reproduction

• VAS DEFERENS- The smooth muscle of its wall contracts during ejaculation, Propels sperm forward
• SEMEN- Whitish fluid , Made from mature sperm and secretions from the accessory glands
• Orgasm- Peak sexual arousal occurs after stimulation of the genitals or erogenous zone feeling of sudden and intense sexual pleasure
• Testosterone- Regulates reproductive functions and male secondary sex traits
• Spermatogenesis- The process occurs in the testes where spermatogonia develop into spermatozoa.
• Testes- Primary male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and hormones.
• Testes- Sperm-producing organs
• Ducts that move sperm from the testes out of the body Epididymis Vas-deferens and Urethra
• Exocrine glands [ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS) that secrete fluids into the ducts adding to the sperm to make semen . Seminal vesicles , Prostate gland , and Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
• External genitalia (can be seen on the body surface). Penis and Scrotum
• Septa - Dividing the testis into compartment called Tubules
• Each lobule contains one to four seminiferous tubules
• seminiferous tubules- Function as sperm-forming factories
• Sperm travels through the rete testis to the epididymis
• Interstitial cells produce testosterone
• Sertoli cells (nurse cells)- support sperm production.
• Testosterone- male sex hormone, responsible for male characteristics, such as aggression, muscle growth, and sexual desire
• Spermatogenesis: the production or development of mature spermatozoa.
• Sperm cell parts- Head contains DNA covered by the acrosome , Midpiece and Tail
• Spermatogenesis takes 64 to 72 days
• Acrosome- contains digestive enzymes to penetrate the outer covering of the egg
• Epididymis- Comma-shaped, Functions to mature and store sperm cells (at least 20 days)
• Spermatic cord - ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves in a connective tissue sheath
• Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)- Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
• peristalsis - the wave-like contraction of the muscles of the alimentary canal
• Vasectomy- surgical procedure that prevents sperm from entering the urethra
• Urethra- Carries both urine and sperm
• Seminal Vesicles - Produces a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen) .

  Fructose (sugar) , Vitamin C , Prostaglandins and Other substances that nourish and activate sperm
• Prostate Gland- The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland in males that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.
• Prostate Gland- Secretes a milky fluid , Helps to activate sperm
• Bulbourethral Glands- Pea-sized gland inferior to the prostate
• Bulbourethral Glands- Produces a thick, clear mucus that Cleanses the urethra of acidic urine , Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse , Secreted into the penile urethra
• Semen- Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
• External Genitalia- Scrotum and Penis
• Scrotum - enlarged sac that holds the testes and is covered by skin
• Scrotum- Maintains testes at 3°C lower than normal body temperature to protect sperm viability
• Penis - Delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
• Penis Regions- Shaft, Glans, Prepuce
• Contents of Spermatic cord - Cremasteric muscle, Testicular(gonadal) artery, Ductus deferens, Nerves and Veins
• Epididymitis - is where a tube (the epididymis) at the back of the testicles becomes swollen and painful.