Bioenergetics

• What happens during photosynthesis

  Pants produce glucose from simple inorganic molecules using light energy
• What is the formula for photosynthesis

  Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
• What reaction is photosynthesis

  endothermic the energy is transferred from the environment to chloroplasts by light
• Where does photosynthesis take place

  In the leaves into specialised mesophyll cells that are packed with chloroplast containing chlorophyll
• Why are sugared produced during photosynthesis

  Used to make all substance plants need as well as being used in respiration to release energy
• What effects rate of photosynthesis

  •Temp- low temp= less KE which means less collision too high=enzymes denature

  •Lights -intensity depends on amount of energy more light=faster

  •Co2 concentration-more =faster

  •Chlorophyll- more=faster
• What is glucose used for

  •Respiration

  •produce fat and oil

  •Produce cellulose
• What is aerobic respiration

  •Uses oxygen

  •Takes place in mitochondria break down food molecules

  •Glucose used for respiration and is oxidised to release energy
• What is the formula for aerobic respiration

  Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water
• What’s Anaerobic respiration in animals

  •When the body can’t supply enough oxygen

  •oxidation not complete=less energy transfer

  •glucose in muscle converted to lactic acid
• What is anaerobic respiration in fungi and plants

  Plants and yeast produces ethanol and co2
• What is formula for anaerobic respiration in fungi and plants

  Glucose -> ethanol+carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation

  anaerobic respiration in yeast
• What is the primary sugar converted into lactic acid energy in muscles?

  Glucose
• What is produced when glucose is converted anaerobically in yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What type of fermentation do plants and yeast undergo?

  Alcoholic fermentation
• What is the main product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  Ethanol
• How does anaerobic respiration in yeast differ from that in muscle cells?

  Yeast produces ethanol, muscle cells produce lactic acid
• What is the byproduct of fermentation in animal cells?

  Lactic acid
• Why is fermentation important in bread manufacturing?

  It produces carbon dioxide that helps dough rise
• What is required for aerobic respiration but not for anaerobic respiration?

  Oxygen
• What is the role of glucose in cellular respiration?

  It is the primary energy source
• What is the main energy product of aerobic respiration?

  ATP
• What happens to energy during fermentation?

  It is released in the form of ATP
• How does the breakdown of glucose differ in aerobic and anaerobic conditions?

  Aerobic produces more ATP than anaerobic
• What are the products of fermentation in yeast?

  • Ethanol
  • Carbon dioxide
• What are the key differences between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?

  Lactic Acid Fermentation:

  • Occurs in animal cells
  • Produces lactic acid

  
  

  Alcoholic Fermentation:

  • Occurs in yeast and some plants
  • Produces ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What are the main uses of fermentation in industry?

  • Bread making (carbon dioxide production)
  • Alcohol production (ethanol)
  • Dairy products (yogurt, cheese)
• What is the significance of oxygen in cellular respiration?

  It is essential for aerobic respiration
• What is the role of carbon dioxide in fermentation?

  It is a byproduct of the fermentation process
• How does fermentation contribute to energy production in cells?

  It allows ATP production without oxygen
• What is our response to exercise if we have a demand for oxygen

  •Breathing rate and breath rate volume increase which increases amount of oxygen absorbed into blood streamed by diffusion
• what happens to our heart rate during exercise

  Increases
• What can the body not supply efficiently?

  Oxygen-energy supply
• What is the consequence of anaerobic breakdown of glucose?

  It releases much less energy
• What is produced during the oxidation of lactic acid?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What does the body do with lactic acid?

  It oxidizes it to form carbon dioxide
• What is the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions?

  They control the reactions
• What are the main metabolic processes in the body?

  • Breakdown of food for energy
  • Synthesis of new molecules
  • Regulation of metabolic pathways
• What is the sum of all metabolic substrates in the body?

  All metabolic reactions