robotics

• Robotics - is a multidisciplinary field that combines engineering, computer science, and technology to design, construct, operate, and use robots. 
• Ancient Automata - Ancient civilizations, including Greece and China, had myths and stories about automata – mechanical devices that mimicked living beings
• The word automata is a Greek word which means "self-acting, self-willed, self-moving"
• an automaton (automata in plural) is a relatively self-operating machine, or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations, or respond to predetermined instructions 
• Medieval Automata - In the Middle Ages, intricate clockwork automata were created, often for entertainment in royal courts.
• Industrial Revolution - The 18th and 19th centuries saw the rise of mechanical automation, with devices like Jacquard's loom and Babbage's Analytical Engine laying the groundwork for programmable machines.
• Digital electronics - deals with the study of digital signals and the design of electronic circuits that use digital signals rather than analog signals.
• analog signal - is a type of signal that represents information using a continuous range of values
• Digital electronics - primarily uses the binary number system, where information is represented using combinations of 0s and 1s.
• Binary digits - are the fundamental units of information in digital systems.
• Binary Digits - The basic units in the binary system. 
• American Standard Code for Information Interchange - is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. 
• Logic Gates -is an electronic circuit performing a Boolean logic operation on one or more binary inputs and then outputs a single binary output. 
• Boolean Algebra - is a mathematical framework used to analyze and simplify digital circuits.
• combinational Logic - is used to build circuits that produce specified outputs from certain inputs.
•  two methods : a sum of products, or a product of sums.
• Digital Signal Processing - involves the manipulation of signals in the digital domain.
• Digital-to-Analog Conversion , Analog-to-Digital Conversion - Digital signals often need to be converted to analog signals for output devices