PMOC M1

• DAPAT Lipophilic, unionized, and nonpolar.
• Tubular Reabsorption is when a drug is passively reabsorbed back into the blood, which is nonionized or unionized.
• According to Drugbank, there are about 16579 drugs available worldwide.
• Scientist and Chemist make those drugs.
• Pharmacist – formulated drug for the patient.
• Chemist – chemical structure.
• The primary objective of medicinal chemistry is the design and discovery of new compounds that are suitable for use as drugs.
• Medicinal chemistry is a branch of chemistry involved in identification, design, synthesis, and development of biologically active compounds.
• SAR [structure activity relationship] is a chemical structure to pharmaceutical activity.
• Medicinal chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that involves organic chemistry, biochemistry, computational chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, and physical chemistry.
• DRUGS are low MW chemical substances that interact with macromolecular targets in the body to produce effect.
• DRUGS are products that would exert therapeutic, subtherapeutic, and toxic effect.
• Targets in pharmacology are the biomolecules [protein/ nucleic acid].
• Pharmacodynamics in pharmacology is what the drug does to the body.
• Pharmacokinetics in pharmacology is what the body does to the drug.
• Absorption in pharmacokinetics is the process by which the drug is taken into the systemic circulation.
• Distribution in pharmacokinetics is the process by which the drug is distributed throughout the body.
• Metabolism in pharmacokinetics is the process by which the drug is eliminated from the body.
• Excretion in pharmacokinetics is the process by which the drug is eliminated from the body.
• Liberation in pharmacokinetics is the process by which the conventional dosage forms are made bioavailable.
• Oral administration is the most common and popular route of drug administration.
• The stomach is acidic and is the main site of absorption for drugs administered orally.
• The small intestine is basic and is the main site of absorption for drugs administered orally.
• Predicting the degree of ionization at a given pH is important in understanding the absorption and excretion of drugs.
• Drug metabolism, also known as Biotransformation, transforms active drug into inactive form to be eliminated.
• The First-Pass Effect is a significant proportion of a drug that is metabolized by hepatic enzyme during the initial trip through the liver.
• Prolongation is the process where an inactive form of a drug needs to reach the target enzyme to be activated to elicit the action/effect.
• Drug excretion in kidney is the process where unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted into the urine.
• The top three organs with high blood flow and perfusion rate are the Lungs, Liver, and Kidney.
• Hydrophobic refers to an unchanged drug.
• Enterohepatic circulation is when a drug reenters the intestinal tract from the liver through bile duct.
• The liver contains enzymes that mediate chemical reactions, either activating or inactivating drugs.
• Renal clearance involves three parts: Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Secretion, and Tubular Reabsorption.
• Tubular Secretion is when majority of the drug is actively secreted due to highly capilliaries.
• Elimination of drugs has two processes: Metabolism and Excretion.
• Tubular Reabsorption is when majority of the drug is reabsorbed due to highly capilliaries.
• Glomerular Filtration is when unbound drug is passively filtered by the glomerulus.
• Bioactivation is the prolongation of an inactive form of a drug to change into an active form with the help of enzymes.
• Parenteral administration is a route of drug administration where the drug is administered directly to the systemic circulation.
• All substances in the circulatory system, including drugs, metabolites, and nutrients, will pass through the liver.