Topic 3 Bonding

• Describe the structure and properties of ionic bonding [3]

  Ionic compounds conduct electricity when they’re molten or dissolved but not when solid.

  Ionic compounds have high melting points because they’re held together by strong electrostatic forces

  Ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water as water molecules are polar which pulls ions away from the lattice.
• Describe the covalent bonding properties and structure in diamond [2]

  Diamond has a very high melting.

  Diamond is an extremely hard substance.

  Vibrations travel easily through the stiff lattice, so it is a good thermal conductor

  It can’t conduct electricity and wont dissolve in any solvent.
• Describe the properties and structure of covalent bonds in graphite [3]

  The weak bonds between the layers are easily broken, so sheets of graphite slide over each other

  The delocalised electron ,are graphite an electrical conductor

  The layers are far apart and so there’s a low density

  Strong covalent bonds means that it has a high melting point

  Graphite is insoluble in any solvent
• What is dative covalent bonding? [1]

  Dative covalent bonding is shown in diagrams by an arrow pointing away from the donor atom
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 2 electron pairs and no lone pairs[2]

  Linear 180
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 3 electron pairs and no lone pairs [2]

  triagonal planar 120
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 4 electron pairs and no lone pairs [2]

  tetrahedral 109.5
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 4 electron pairs and 1 lone pair [1]

  triagonal pyramidal 107
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 4 electron pairs and 2 lone pairs [2]

  bent 104.5
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 5 electron pairs and no lone pairs [3]

  triagonal bipyramidal 90 and 120
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 5 electron pairs and 1 lone pair [3]

  seesaw 87 and 102
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 5 electron pairs and 2 lone pairs [2]

  t-shaped 88
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 6 electron pairs and no lone pairs [2]

  octahedral 90
• Name the shape of molecule and the bond angle(s) that has 6 electron pairs and 2 lone pairs [2]

  square planar 90
• Define what is meant by electronegativity [2]

  Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
• Describe the properties and structure of metallic bonding [3]

  Metals have high melting points because of the strong electrostatic attraction

  The number of delocalised electrons per atom affects the melting point. The more there are the higher the melting point

  The delocalised electrons can carry kinetic energy so metals are good thermal conductors and electrical conductors

  Metals are insoluble