3.5 Notes

• Active transport drives/pumps/moves material across the membrane from area of low concentration to area of high concentration requiring energy(ATP) from the cell. It requires transport proteins or vesicles. Moves a substance against the concentration gradient.
• Sodium potassium pump actively pumps out sodium(Na+) ions to keep concentration low inside the cell and actively pumps in potassium ions to keep concentration high.
• Endocytosis is the process of taking liquids or particles into the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle and requiring energy/ATP.
• There are 2 types of endocytosis: phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
• Phagocytosis engulfes large particles(cell eating). Important to immune system.
• Pinocytosis engulfs liquids or small particles into a vesicle.
• Exocytosis is the release of substance out of the cell using a vesicle and energy/ATP.