Cell Structure

• Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic Cells have genetic material that forms chromosomes and is contained within a single nucleus
• Give two adaptations of a root hair cell .

  long projection , lots of mitochondria
• What is the function of a root hair cell ?

  absorbs minerals and water from the soil
• Give two adaptations of a palisade cell .

  lots of chloroplasts , located at the top surface of the leaf
• What is the function of a palisade cell ?

  carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
• Give two adaptations of a sperm cell .


  contains lots of mitochondria, flagellum for motility
• What is the function of a sperm cell ?

  fertilises an ovum (egg)
• Give two adaptations of a nerve cell .

  branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon
• What is the function of a nerve cell ?

  carries electrical impulses around the body
• Give three adaptations of a red blood cell .

  no nucleus, contains a red pigment, has a bi-concave shape
• What is the function of a red blood cell ?

  carries oxygen around the body
• How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes ?

  can't view live specimens, only in black and white
• What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell ?

  single loop of DNA
• What is the function of the cell wall ?

  Provides structure and support
• What is the function of ribosomes ?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What is the function of chloroplasts ?

  contain chlorophyll
• What is the function of mitochondria ?

  site of aerobic respiration
• What is the function of the cell membrane ?

  controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
• Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells ?

  in the nucleus
• What type of cell are bacteria ?

  prokaryotic
• two types of eukaryotic cell

  animal and plant