Dissociation

• What are weak acids and bases?

  Substances that partially dissociate in water
• What is the significance of water's dissociation in acid-base behavior?

  • Water dissociates into H+ and OH-
  • Key aspect of acid-base reactions
• What does the one-way arrow (→) indicate in a dissociation equation?

  That the reaction is complete and irreversible
• What are the dissociation characteristics of strong and weak acids/bases?

  • Strong acids/bases:
  • Dissociate completely
  • Example: HCl → H+ and Cl-
  • Weak acids/bases:
  • Dissociate partially
  • Example: CH3COOH → CH3COO- and H+
• How would you write the dissociation equation for a strong acid like HCl?

  $HCl(aq) → H^ +$$(aq) +$$Cl^ - (aq)$
• How does the dissociation of strong acids/bases differ from weak acids/bases?

  Strong acids/bases dissociate completely, while weak acids/bases dissociate partially and maintain an equilibrium
• What does the equilibrium arrow (⇌) indicate in a dissociation equation?

  That the reaction is reversible and reaches equilibrium
• What is an ion?

  A charged particle from electron gain or loss
• What is the dissociation of water in terms of ions produced?

  Water dissociates into H+ and OH-.
• How would you write the dissociation equation for a weak base like NH3?

  $NH3(aq) +$$H2O(l) ⇌ NH4^ +$$(aq) +$$OH^ - (aq)$
• What symbol is used to indicate complete, irreversible dissociation?

  One-way arrow (→)
• What are the key aspects of dissociation for weak acids and bases?

  • Dissociate partially in water
  • Maintain equilibrium with undissociated molecules
  • Indicated by an equilibrium arrow (⇌)
  • Examples: CH3COOH, NH3
• What is the main difference between strong and weak acids/bases?

  Strong acids/bases completely dissociate; weak ones partially dissociate
• What are the key differences between strong and weak acids/bases?

  • Strong acids/bases dissociate completely, while weak acids/bases dissociate partially
  • Strong acids/bases form ions that do not recombine, while weak acids/bases maintain an equilibrium
  • Strong acids/bases are indicated by a one-way arrow (→), while weak acids/bases are indicated by an equilibrium arrow (⇌)
  • Examples of strong acids/bases: HCl, NaOH
  • Examples of weak acids/bases: CH3COOH, NH3
• What is the definition of strong acids?

  Strong acids completely dissociate into ions
• How would you write the dissociation equation for a strong acid like HCl?

  $HCl(aq) → H^ +$$(aq) +$$Cl^ - (aq)$
• What are the dissociation equations for hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid?

  • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl):

  $HCl(aq) → H^ +$$(aq) +$$Cl^ - (aq)$

  • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4):

  $H2SO4(aq) → 2H^ +$$(aq) +$$SO4^{2 - }(aq)$
• What are the key terms related to dissociation of acids and bases?

  Strong acids/bases, weak acids/bases, equilibrium arrow, one-way arrow, ion
• Why is it important to use a one-way arrow in dissociation equations for strong acids?

  It indicates complete dissociation into ions
• What is the definition of dissociation in the context of acids and bases?

  Dissociation is the breakdown into ions.
• How do weak acids and bases dissociate in water?

  They dissociate partially, maintaining equilibrium.
• What are the properties that differentiate strong acids/bases from weak acids/bases?

  • Dissociation:
  • Strong: Complete
  • Weak: Partial
  • Equilibrium:
  • Strong: No equilibrium arrow
  • Weak: Equilibrium arrow required
• What ions are produced when sulfuric acid dissociates?

  2H+ and SO4^{2-} ions
• What ions does CH3COOH produce when it dissociates in water?

  CH3COO- and H+
• What are strong acids and bases?

  Substances that completely dissociate in water
• What symbol is used to indicate partial, reversible dissociation?

  Equilibrium arrow (⇌)
• If you were to write the dissociation equation for a strong acid, what would you include?

  A one-way arrow and ions produced
• What ions does HCl produce when it dissociates in water?

  H+ and Cl-
• How do weak acids and bases behave in water?

  They only partially dissociate into ions
• How does the dissociation of sulfuric acid differ from hydrochloric acid?

  Sulfuric acid produces two H+ ions
• What is the dissociation pattern of strong bases?

  Strong bases completely dissociate.
• Write the dissociation equation for CH3COOH in water.

  $CH3COOH(aq) ⇌ CH3COO^ - (aq) +$$H^ +$$(aq)$
• What does the dissociation equation for strong acids use to indicate complete breakdown?

  A one-way arrow (→)
• How do strong acids and bases behave in water?

  They completely dissociate into ions
• What happens when hydrochloric acid (HCl) dissolves in water?

  It breaks down into H+ and Cl- ions
• How do you write dissociation equations for strong and weak acids/bases?

  • For strong acids: Use a one-way arrow (→) to indicate complete dissociation, e.g. $HCl(aq) → H^ +$$(aq) +$$Cl^ - (aq)$
  • For weak acids: Use an equilibrium arrow (⇌) to indicate partial dissociation, e.g. $CH3COOH(aq) ⇌ CH3COO^ - (aq) +$$H^ +$$(aq)$
  • For strong bases: Use a one-way arrow (→) to indicate complete dissociation, e.g. $NaOH(aq) → Na^ +$$(aq) +$$OH^ - (aq)$
  • For weak bases: Use an equilibrium arrow (⇌) to indicate partial dissociation, e.g. $NH3(aq) +$$H2O(l) ⇌ NH4^ +$$(aq) +$$OH^ - (aq)$
• How does the dissociation of weak acids differ from strong acids?

  Weak acids establish equilibrium, strong acids fully dissociate
• Write the dissociation equation for HCl in water.

  $HCl(aq) → H^ +$$(aq) +$$Cl^ - (aq)$
• What are the key aspects of dissociation for strong acids and bases?

  • Dissociate completely in water
  • Form ions that do not recombine
  • Indicated by a one-way arrow (→)
  • Examples: HCl, NaOH
• What is dissociation in the context of acids and bases?

  The process of breaking down into ions