Liver

Cards (115)

  • Hepatomegaly is:
    an enlarged liver
  • A liver larger than ___ is enlarged.
    15.5 cm
  • Fatty infiltration is a ___ liver disease.
    reversible
  • What are the key markers of fatty infiltration ?
    diffuse hyper echogenicity of liver parenchyma ; liver may be enlarged
  • What are the 2 leading causes of fatty infiltration ?
    Obesity and alcohol consumption.
  • Glycogen storage disease is an ___ recessive disorder; excessive deposits of ____ to be stores in liver, intestinal tract, and kidney but body is unable to ____ it.
    autosomal , glycogen , synthesize
  • Glycogen storage disorder may cause:
    hypo glycemia , abdominal distension , fatigue and irritability
  • Glycogen storage disease is marked by:

    diffuse increase in parenchymal echogenicity, decreased penetration, and hepatomegaly
  • What is hepatitis ?
    Inflammation in response to viral infection or toxins such as drugs or alcohol
  • Which forms of hepatitis have vaccines available ?
    A, B, & D
  • Hepatitis A & E:
    short - term infection; fecal-oral route from consuming contaminated food/water
  • Hepatitis B:
    via contact with body fluids; both acute and chronic; monitor for cirrhosis and liver cancer
  • Hepatitis C:
    via contact with blood; both acute and chronic; treatment is available; monitor for cirrhosis and liver cancer
  • Hepatitis D:

    Only infects those with history of Hepatitis B
  • Alcoholic hepatitis:
    caused by excessive alcohol consumption
  • Autoimmune hepatitis:
    Inflammation that occurs when immune system attacks liver
  • Acute hepatitis:

    Inflammation, portal veins appear more hyperechoic, called starry night sign
  • Chronic Persistent Hepatitis:
    Hyper echoic texture, portal vein walls are less prominent, risk of liver cancer
  • Chronic Active Hepatitis:
    may progress to liver cirrhosis or failure
  • Cirrhosis:
    Liver function test abnormalities depend on stage and extent of disease; ALP may be elevated; AST and ALT elevated
  • Cirrhosis:
    Hepatomegaly, possible liver atrophy, surface nodularity, caudate lobe hypertrophy
  • Portal Hypertension:
    Portal vein velocities may be reduced or become hepatofugal; hepatic artery may enlarge
  • Secondary findings of cirrhosis include:
    Portal hypertension, splenomegaly, varices, ascites
  • What does hepatofugal mean ?
    flow directed away from the liver
  • Liver is perfused by:
    the hepatic artery and portal vein
  • Liver is drained by the:
    hepatic veins
  • Budd- Chiari syndrome:
    Uncommon condition of hepatic venous outflow obstruction due to congenital flap in a hepatic vein or thrombus in IVC or hepatic veins
  • Budd-Chiari syndrome is clinically significant if:
    occlusion of 2 hepatic veins
  • Acute phase of passive liver congestion:
    liver enlarges, causing RUQ discomfort
  • In passive liver congestion usually:
    all veins in body will dilate and be pulsatile
  • Hepatic cysts are either ___ or ____.
    congenital , acquired
  • Congenital cysts:
    TRUE hepatic cysts
  • Acquired cysts can result from:
    trauma, parasites or inflammatory reactions
  • Hydatid diseases - acquired cysts

    caused by a parasite
  • Hepatic abscess usually due to:
    bacterial or parasitic infection
  • Amebic Abscess:
    usually in right liver lobe
  • Schistosomiasis:
    parasitic infection that causes fibrosis
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci is the most common opportunistic infection in ___ infected persons.
    HIV
  • Cavernous hemangioma:

    most common benign liver tumour
  • Are hemangiomas more common in men or women ?
    Women