POST WW2 - Exam revision

• Rebuilding

  . UN founded in 1945 - Replaced league of Nations, Method to prevrnt war due to the impacts WW1 and WW2 had

  . `1948 UN declaration on human rights

  . Restating alliances - NATO
• Denazification

  . Deeply uneven - Nuremberg trials due to Soviet judges involved despite soviet union having committed war crimes

  . Still a very heavy Nazi presence in Austria - 1.2 million Austrians serve in German arrmy

  . Germans in the collective were much passive victims to Nazism (JUDT)

  . Re-education - Eradicate Nazism and construct own democracy - uneven depending on areas US. UK and France controlled

  . JUDT - Collective Amnesia - power to forget as soon as possible - Allows to underpin the recovery of WW2
• Stalins objectives

  . Losses, distrust of allies - Delay in opening up second front which makes Russia do most of fighting thus making them weak

  . Sphere of slav unity / anti-west buffer -

  . Origins of Cold War start post WW2
• FDR's objectives

  . Bring troops home quickly - Electorate pressure, wants to create a durable international organisation to prevent war (UN)

  . Presence of US troops in Europe looks more like imperialism and not the new international order

  . Cement US Power - Bretton woods institutions - IMF - Dollar replaces sterling as global currency choice
• Churchills objectives

  . preserve britians place in international affairs

  . Preserve imperial integrity
• New world

  . Economic recovery - GDP growth

  . mass unemployment over
• Britians sluggish growth

  . Still growing but sluggish

  . High levels of existing industrialisation so hard to grow on it

  . Start to be outpaced by economies that can impose technology in quicker ways

  . State has large levels of expenditure - Welfare state, War debt to US, Lingering imperial presence
• Economic miracle - Reasons

  . Abundant labour - cheap labour as soldiers and refugees to access new industry

  . Destruction of industrial infrastructure was less than thought

  . Rationing and tight government control of spending - more money to reinvest

  . Marshall Plan - US Loans extended to European economies - Otherwise radical parties will grow - Shows US commitment to European recovery

  . intra-European trade boom - Increase in trade between European countries
• Early European integration

  . Morally superior to Totalitarianism and communism

  . Conservatism and christianity - Cross-class colloboration, committed to Western European project

  . Legacies - Denazification, welfare capitalism

  . Scandanavian integration - Norway and Sweden economic growth
• European integration

  . Loss of power - Europe is becoming less influential compared to US-Soviet Union - Through joining together they can become more powerful

  . Schuman declaration - ECSC

  . Marshall plan - Had to be distributed throughout Europe - by OEEC

  . NATO - Collective security

  . Council of Europe - Economic integration

  . EEC - new ideas of political continuity
• Peter Temin

  . Indicated that rapid economic growth was a result of 'disequilibrium' - Too much labour for sectors
• Social revolution 1945-1990 (HOBBSBAWM)

  . Death of peasantry - Less population involved in agriculture due to higher levels of technology

  . Process of Surbinisation due to better commuter and transport networks

  . Economies of specialisation - Decline of heavy industries move towards service sectors (Thatcher)

  . Migration, Multiculturalism - Skilled migrants

  . Female employmet - An increase which changes demographics and birth rates