STS 2

• Mayans - also known for measuring time using two complicated calendar system, it is very useful for their life like in planning their activities and observing religion ritual and cultural celebration
• Mayans used 20-day months, and had two calendar years: the 260-day Sacred Round, or tzolkin, and the 365-day Vague Year, or haab
• The 52-year period of time was called a "bundle" and meant the same to the Maya as our century does to us.
• Mayans - Used tool and adapt to innovation especially in field of art such as looms for weaving cloth.
• Mayans - Understanding about the celestial bodies, such as predicting eclipse and by using astrological cycle in planting and harvesting.
• Cuzco - “Navel of the world”
• Inca - was a very advanced civilization and was led by 13 Incas, who were in-charge of governing people divided into social classes.
• Quipu system - knotted ropes to keep records that only expert can interpret.
• Inca -Made advanced scientific ideas considering limitation and old civilization. Road paved with stone. Stone buildings that surmounted earthquake and other disaster. Irrigation system and technique in storing water. First suspension bridge.
• Inca - Calendar with 12 months
• Aztec - Mandatory education. Invention of the canoe.
• Chinampa - A form technology used for agricultural farming where the land was divided in rectangular areas surrounded by canals.
• Olmec - “The Rubber People”
• Olmec - They develop the first written language and number system
• Olmec - did not pay attention in astronomy
• Sumeria - located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia. Are known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things.
• Sumerian -They are not contented with the basic things life can offer. Their desire pushed them to develop many things connected with S and T.
• CUNEIFORM- one of the major contributions of the Sumerians is the development of the first writing system. A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry
• URUK CITY- a great wonder not only because it is considered to be the first true city in the world but also for the way it was erected.
• THE GREAT ZIGGURAT OF UR- also called the Mountain of God, was built in the same manner that they constructed the City of Uruk. Served as the sacred place of their chief god, where only their priest were allowed to enter.
• Sumerians created dikes and irrigation canals to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers. This method was considered as one of the world’s most BENEFICIAL ENGINEERING works.
• SAILBOATS- were used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large distances. It is essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology.
• WHEEL- were not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes. With the use of this and axle, mass production was made easier.
• THE PLOW- this enable them to dig the ground where seeds would be planted in a faster pace. As the plow breaks the ground, the farmer would just drop the seeds and the farm work would be already done.
• ROADS- to facilitate faster and easier travel, the Sumerians developed this.
• Babylonians - were great builders, engineers and architects.
• HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON - A structure made up of layers upon layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, tress and vines.
• PAPER OF PAPYRUS- although Egypt was not the first to develop a system of writing, they were able to make writing easier for the world.
• Papyrus - a plant that grew abundantly along the Nile river. They were able to process the plant in order to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things.
• INK- Egyptians invented it by combining soot with different chemicals to produce different colors. It was tamper-proof so that people could not simply tinker with those written down.
• HIEROGLYPHICS- a system of writing using symbols. They believed that this writing system was provided to them by their gods and can still be seen today and remains to be as famous as the pyramids where they were found.
• COSMETICS- function in ancient Egypt was for both health and aesthetic reasons.
• Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases.
• WIG- are used to enhance the appearance of people who are balding or those who want to try new hair trends. During the Egyptian times, it were worn for health and wellness rather than for aesthetic purposes.
• CLEPSYDRA- this device utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other. In the process, time is measured. Used as a timekeeping devise during the ancient times
• WATER MILL- used in agricultural processes like milling of grains which was necessary form of food processing during that time.
• ALARM CLOCK- one of the most utilized gadgets today that was invented by the ancient Greeks. The purpose was just the same with the the modern times---to tell an individual when to stop or when to start.
• Roman - It was considered to be the CRADLE OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE during that period.
• NEWSPAPER – the first newspapers, known as GAZETTES, contained announcements of the Roman Empire to the people.
• CODEX- Record-keeping was much easier since paper did not easily break, was lightweight, and did not occupy much space. The civilization became fond of record-keeping, events and newly legislated laws.