Cardiovascular

• Blood is considered connective tissue because it has cells in a matrix
• Blood is composed of plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%)
• Plasma is a nonliving fluid matrix
• Formed elements include cells and cell fragments
• There are over 100 substances found dissolved or suspended in plasma
• Plasma is composed of:

  • water
  • salts/electrolytes
  • plasma proteins
• Formed elements include:

  • erythrocytes
  • granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
  • agranulocytes (lymphocytes, and monocytes)
• Neutrophils have a multiobed nucleus with pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules
• Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus with red cytoplasmic granules
• Basophils have a bilobed nucleus with purple/black cytoplasmic granules
• Lymphocytes have a small, spherical nucleus with a thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm
• Monocytes have a kidney shaped nucleus with an abundant amount of pale blue cytoplasm
• White blood cells:

  A) Lymphocyte

  B) Monocyte

  C) Eosinophil

  D) Platelet

  E) Neutrophils

  F) Erythrocytes

  
• The heart wall has three layers:

  • epicardium
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
• The pericardium has two layers: serous pericardium and fibrous pericardium
• Serous pericardium has two layers separated by the the pericardial cavity. The two layers are the:

  • parietal layer (superior)
  • visceral layer (inferior), also called epicardium
• The cardiovascular system is composed of three major circuits: pulmonary, systemic and coronary
• Blood vessels:

  • artery
  • arteriole
  • capillary
  • venule
  • vein
• Arteries move blood away from the heart
• Arteries have a:

  • thick wall
  • small lumen
• Veins move blood towards the heart
• Veins have a:

  • thin wall
  • large lumen
• Capillaries exchange nutrients and are one cell thick