Social studies

• Ecumenical Council.

  • Greek: “Oikoumene” → The whole in habited world.

  • Worldwide gathering of the Bishops to discuss matters and morals of Faith under the authority of the Holy father(the pope)
• There were seven ecumenical councils that took place between 325AD and 787AD.
• These councils dealt with issues related to Christology, including the nature of Jesus Christ and his relationship to God the Father.
• 21 Ecumenical Councils

  • 21 Ecumenical Councils have been held over the past 1700 years to define and defend the Faith and

  morals of Catholicism.

  • **** The first 8 Ecumenical Councils are recognized by both East (Orthodox) and West (Christians).

  First Ecumenical Council

  • 325 AD; Council of Nicaea represented the entire Church.

  • Agreed that the Father and the Son are consubstantial.

  • This council denied Arius’ teachings and proclaimed that they God the Son was Consubstantial as

  God the Father.

  • From this, the Nicean Constantinopolitan Creed (Nicene Creed) was made.
• The latest Ecumenical Council was the Second Vatican Council in 1962-1965.
• The latest Ecumenical Council was the Second Vatican Council in 1962-1965.
• Arius was a Deacon of the Church of Alexandria of Egypt.
• Arius was a Deacon of the Church of Alexandria of Egypt.
• Arius taught that God the Son was divine, but not equal and was a later creation of the Father.
• In his words, they did not share the same nature.
• Arius taught that God the Son was divine, but not equal and was a later creation of the Father.
• In his words, they did not share the same nature.
• The spread of Arianism and the controversy caused Constantine to call the Church leaders to a Council of Nicaea in 325 AD.
• Constantine needed someone to serve to unify the Empire.
• The spread of Arianism and the controversy caused Constantine to call the Church leaders to a Council of Nicaea in 325 AD.
• Constantine asked the Church to do this and make a decision.
• Constantine needed someone to serve to unify the Empire.
• Constantine asked the Church to do this and make a decision.
• The ordinary citizens were Orthodox and the ruling were Arian at the Council of Nicaea.
• The ordinary citizens were Orthodox and the ruling were Arian at the Council of Nicaea.
• Saint Athanasius was the Archbishop of Alexandria who was several times exiled because he would not tolerate Arianism.
• Saint Athanasius was the Archbishop of Alexandria who was several times exiled because he would not tolerate Arianism.
• The Orthodox Faith eventually triumphed over Arianism in the Empire in 381 AD.
• The Orthodox Faith eventually triumphed over Arianism in the Empire in 381 AD.
• The Ecumenical Council of Constantinople reaffirmed the teachings of Nicaea and added another section to the Creed declaring the Holy Spirit to be God equal to the Father and the Son.
• The Ecumenical Council of Constantinople reaffirmed the teachings of Nicaea and added another section to the Creed declaring the Holy Spirit to be God equal to the Father and the Son.
• Arianism did not die and spread among several German tribes, particularly the Ostrogoths and Visigoths.
• Arianism did not die and spread among several German tribes, particularly the Ostrogoths and Visigoths.
• St Nicholas of Myrna, also known as St Nicholas of Bari, is a hero of the Council of Nicaea.
• St Nicholas of Myrna, also known as St Nicholas of Bari, is a hero of the Council of Nicaea.
• Monasticism began in Egypt where ascetics fled to the desert to live lives of prayer and penances, eventually being called "hermits" because they lived alone.
• Monasticism spread from Egypt throughout the Eastern Empire in the years after Constantine legalized the Church.
• Jesus exemplified poverty, chastity, and obedience.
• St Basil the Great established monasteries in less isolated areas and wrote two sets of monastic rules for them.
• Monasticism eventually spread to the west where it became central to Irish Church life.
• Irish monasticism spread to Britain and Northern Europe in the sixth and seventh centuries.
• Monks live in poverty by giving up everything, including their name.
• Monks live in chastity by not marrying or having children.
• Monks live in obedience through hard work, service, and sacrifice.