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Topic 5 – Homeostasis and Response
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Created by
Andrea Gil
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Cards (95)
What is homeostasis?
Constant internal environment
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Homeostasis is necessary for enzyme action and all cell
functions
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Blood glucose concentration is one factor controlled by
homeostasis
in the human body.
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Steps in a control system for homeostasis
1️⃣ Receptors detect stimuli
2️⃣ Coordination centres process information
3️⃣ Effectors bring about responses
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Match the coordination centre with its example:
Brain ↔️ Processes information
Pancreas ↔️ Detects glucose levels
Spinal cord ↔️ Coordinates reflexes
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What is the role of effectors in homeostasis?
Bring conditions to optimum
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Receptor cells convert a stimulus into an electrical
impulse
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Sensory neurons carry electrical impulses to the
central nervous system
.
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What do motor neurons carry electrical impulses to?
Effectors
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Steps in a reflex arc
1️⃣ Stimulus detected by receptors
2️⃣ Impulses sent along a sensory neuron
3️⃣ Impulses pass to a relay neuron
4️⃣ Impulses sent along a motor neuron
5️⃣ Response by effector
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Match the reflex arc example with its purpose:
Pupils get smaller ↔️ Avoid damage from light
Move hand from hot surface ↔️ Prevent injury
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The gaps between two neurons are called
synapses
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When a chemical reaches the second
neuron
, it triggers a new impulse.
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How is reaction time measured?
Ruler drop test
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What are the two parts of the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
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Match the brain region with its function:
Cerebral cortex ↔️ Consciousness and memory
Cerebellum ↔️ Fine movement
Medulla ↔️ Unconscious actions
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Drugs can always reach the brain easily because of its surrounding membranes.
False
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Neuroscientists use MRI to create an image of the
brain
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How do neuroscientists study brain function using patients with brain damage?
Observe changes after damage
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Steps to focus on a near object
1️⃣ Ciliary muscles contract
2️⃣ Suspensory ligaments loosen
3️⃣ Lens becomes thicker
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Short sightedness occurs when the lens is too flat.
False
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What type of lens is used to treat myopia?
Concave
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Laser eye surgery reduces the thickness of the
cornea
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Where is the thermoregulatory centre located in the brain?
Brain
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The normal human body temperature is
37.5
degrees Celsius.
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Match the response to high body temperature with its mechanism:
Sweat production ↔️ Evaporation cools the body
Vasodilation ↔️ More blood flows near skin
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What is the purpose of vasoconstriction when body temperature decreases?
Reduce heat loss
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The endocrine system uses
hormones
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Match the gland with its hormone:
Pancreas ↔️ Insulin
Adrenal gland ↔️ Adrenaline
Ovary ↔️ Oestrogen
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What does thyroxine control in the body?
Metabolic rate
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Compared to the nervous system, the
endocrine system
is slower but acts for longer.
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Blood glucose levels are controlled by the
pancreas
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Steps in the response to high blood glucose levels
1️⃣ Pancreas produces insulin
2️⃣ Insulin binds to target organs
3️⃣ Glucose moves from blood
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What develops during puberty to distinguish a female from a male?
Secondary sexual characteristics
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Testes secrete the hormone
testosterone
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The hormonal system acts faster than the nervous system.
False
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Why must blood glucose concentration be kept within a certain limit?
For cell respiration
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When blood glucose levels are too high, the pancreas produces the hormone
insulin
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Rigorous activity reduces
blood glucose levels
.
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What hormone is produced when blood glucose levels decrease?
Glucagon
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