DEV PSYCH UNIT 2

• Children's early words are holophrases or telegraphic speech, which consist of single words that convey meaning without inflection.
• The first year is the most critical period for language development.
• Language acquisition involves learning grammar, vocabulary, syntax, semantics, phonology, pragmatics, and discourse.
• The first year is the most critical period for language development.
• • Fertilization – also known as conception, is the process by which sperm and ovum (sex cells) combine to create a single cell called zygote, which then duplicates itself again and again by cell division.
  • Ovulation – rupture of mature follicle in either ovary and expulsion of its ovum which occurs every month until menopause
  • Dizygotic Twins – also known as Fraternal Twins
• Monzygotic twins - identical twins resulting from one fertilized egg splitting into two embryos
• 
  

  Down Syndrome -Extra copy of chromosome 21 OTHER TERM IS TRISOMY 21
• Klinefelter Syndrome

  DESCRIPTION- Extra X Chromosome (XXY)

  TREATMENT- Hormone Therapy
• Monozygotic Twins are the result of the cleaving of one fertilized egg and are generally genetically identical.
• Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine are the bases that make up Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the long, spiraling ladder whose steps are made of pairs of chemical units called bases.
• Chromosomes are coils of DNA of smaller segments called genes.
• Mitosis is the cell division of non-sex cells.
• Meiosis is the cell division of sex cells.
• Mutation is a mistake in copying genetic code which creates a permanent alteration in genetic material.
• Autosomes are not affiliated to sexual expression.
• Sex Chromosomes are the 23rd pair which indicates the baby’s sex (XX, female: XY, male).
• Alleles produce alternative expressions of characteristics.
• Homozygous refers to when two alleles are the same.
• Heterozygous refers to when two alleles are different.
• Dominant is an allele that is always expressed or shows up as a trait in that person.
• Recessive is an allele that usually doesn’t show unless paired with another recessive trait.
• Polygenetic Inheritance is the interaction of several genes.
• Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics.
• Genotype refers to the underlying genetic makeup.
• Epigenesis is when the environment can influence when and which genes turn on and off.
• Heredity is the genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parents to offspring.
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a long, spiraling ladder whose steps are made of pairs of chemical units called bases.
• Ultrasound Sonography uses high frequency sound waves to detect abnormalities, number of fetuses, and sex.
• Fetal MRI uses powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures.
• Chorionic Villus Sampling involves removing a small sample of placenta, which carries a small risk of limb deformity.
• Amniocentesis involves withdrawing a sample of amniotic fluid and testing it for chromosomal and metabolic disorders, carrying a small risk of infection.
• Maternal Blood Screening identifies pregnancies that have an elevated risk for birth defects.
• Gestation is the period between conception and birth, lasting between 37 and 41 weeks.
• Gestational Age is dated from the first day of an expectant mother’s last menstrual cycle.
• Cephalocaudal Principle states that development proceeds from head to the lower extremities.
• Proximodistal Principle states that development proceeds from the center to outer parts of the body.
• Early Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy include tender, swollen breasts or nipples, fatigue, slight bleeding or cramping, food cravings, nausea with or without vomiting, frequent urination, frequent, mild headaches, constipation, and mood swings.
• Germinal Stage lasts from fertilization to about 2 weeks of gestational age, during which the zygote enters into cell division (mitosis) while making its way to the fallopian tube.
• Differentiation is the specialization of the cells to perform various tasks.
• Carriers – carry one bad copy of recessive gene and one good one