Evaluating the approach

• How many evaluation points are there for the positive approach according to the text?

  Four
• Name one evaluation point of the positive approach?

  Real world applications
• Which evaluation point of the positive approach is represented by a cross?

  Unscientific - how do we measure happiness?
• What is the fifth evaluation point for the positive approach?

  Ignores individual differences
• What is a criticism of the positive psychology approach regarding individual and cultural differences?

  It takes a 'one size fits all approach'
• Who suggests that the positive psychology approach is ethnocentric?

  Hickinbottom
• Why does Hickinbottom suggest the positive psychology approach is ethnocentric?

  Research is centred around Western cultures
• According to Hickinbottom, what is American culture preoccupied with?

  Positive emotions and attitudes
• According to Hickinbottom, what are negative emotions considered to be in American culture?

  To be avoided
• Who highlights that some people are 'defensive pessimists'?

  Norem
• According to Norem, how do defensive pessimists deal with situations?

  By looking at the negatives
• Why does Norem argue that defensive pessimism can be a good thing?

  They anticipate realistic possibilities
• What does Norem argue that only focusing on positive aspects can damage?

  Performance
• What does the positive approach consider itself to be regarding nature vs nurture?

  Interactionist
• Who argued that there is a genetic component to happiness?

  Lyubomirsky et al (2005)
• According to Lyubomirsky et al (2005), up to what percentage of the variance in happiness is innate?

  50%
• What other type of factors, besides innate ones, does positive psychology recognize as influencing our happiness?

  Environmental factors
• What is it about the positive approach that makes it less reductionist than other approaches?

  It takes into account both nature and nurture
• What is a fundamental question in positive psychology regarding happiness?

  Whether we can define and measure happiness scientifically
• Why can defining and measuring happiness scientifically be challenging?

  Everyone has a different idea on happiness
• What does the variability in subjective definitions of happiness indicate about happiness itself?

  It is a subjective state of mind
• What have advances in neuroscience allowed researchers to do regarding happiness?

  Objectively measure emotional experience
• What area of the brain have researchers tracked in relation to happiness?

  The basal ganglia area
• When does the basal ganglia area of the brain become activated?

  When experiencing positive emotions
• What are some types of happiness?

  • Joy
  • Gratitude
  • Contentment
  • Pride
  • Optimism
  • Love
  • Excitement
• What does positive psychology believe about human behavior regarding determinism?

  Humans are not restricted in their behavior
• What does positive psychology believe that humans have, instead of being restricted in their behavior?

  Personal freedom to grow
• How has psychology traditionally been seen in its approach to behavior?

  Looking at behavior from a negative viewpoint
• What kind of view of human behavior has psychology traditionally taken?

  A deterministic view
• How does traditional psychology treat the individual?

  As a victim of their makeup
• What does Positive psychology recognizes that humans have and can develop?

  Character strengths
• What does Positive psychology believe humans are in control over?

  Their mental health and wellbeing
• What does Positive psychology believe we must recognize we have to elicit change?

  Freewill
• What has Positive psychology been applied to help?

  Individuals, organisations and communities
• Where has Positive Psychology been applied in the US?

  The US Army
• What was the aim of the US Army's specialised training using Positive Psychology?

  Improve resilience and reduce stress
• What did the US Army programme focus on?

  Building mental toughness
• Why did the US Army want soldiers to develop signature strengths?

  To return home without mental health issues
• Where is Positive psychology also evident besides in the US Army?

  In the UK educational department
• What is the intention of implementing positive psychology in education in the UK?

  Improving resilience