RLE POST TEST

• Why is it important for nurses to understand the concepts of infection and control?

  • To avoid contamination and acquiring infection.
• Infection- invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms resulting to disease.
• Colonization- presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage.
• Communicable disease- infections disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another.
• Matic- carries symptoms.

  A -means absence
• CHAIN OF INFECTION

  • Infectious Agent
  • Reservoir
  • Portal of exit
  • Mode of transmission
  • Portal of entry
  • Susceptible host
• TYPE OF NORMAL FLORA

  1. Resident Flora
  2. Transient flora
• Resident flora- microbes that are always present.
• Transient Flora- Microbes that live in our body In a period of time then move and or die.
• Virulence- potential for microorganisms to cause disease. It has the ability to produce disease.
• Handwashing- the most effective way to break the chain of infection.
• FOODS OF MICROORGANISMS

  • Food- wound
  • Oxygen- anaerobic bacteria
  • Water- mosquito
  • Temperature- too hot or cold environment
  • Ph- alkaline or acidic
  • Light- dark areas, warm, moist
• How do we control or eliminate reservoirs of infections?

  • Clean roofs and plants
  • Maintain good hygiene
  • Proper disposal of waste
• How do we control the portal entry/exit?

  • Sneezing and cough etiquettes
  • Proper protocols
  • Oral hygiene
• PRECAUTIONS:

  • Standard Precaution- Hand washing & PPE
  • Contact Precaution- sore eyes
  • Droplet substances- Big substances (TB)
  • Airborne precaution- circulates around the air (COVID)
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

  • Direct contact - person to person
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

  • Indirect contact - personal contact of a susceptible host with contaminated inanimate object.
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

  • Droplet - largest particles that travels up to 3 feet during coughing and sneezing.
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

  • Airborne - droplets suspended in the air during coughing/sneezing.
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

  • Vehicle - carry an agent from reservoir to susceptible host.
• Vector - a carrie of disease-causing agent from an infected individual to a non-infected individual.
• How do we protect the host?

  • Good hygiene
  • Precaution
  • PPE
  • Hand washing
  • Immunization
• INFECTIOUS PROCESS:

  • Localized infection - localized symptoms such as pain, tenderness, warmth and redness.
• INFECTIOUS PROCESS

  Systemic infection - Affects entire body system and can be fatal if undetected.
• INFECTION STAGE:

  • Incubation period
  • Prodromal stage
  • Illness stage
  • Convalence
• INFECTION STAGE:

  1. Incubation period - interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptom.
• INFECTION BY STAGE:

  2. Prodromal Stage - interval from onset of non-specific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms.
• INFECTION BY STAGE:

  3. Illness stage - interval when patients manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection.
• INFECTION BY STAGE:

  4. Convalence - interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear.
• DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION: (NBIVIT)

  • Normal Flora
  • Body system defences
  • Inflammation
  • Vascular and cellular response
  • Inflammatory exudate
  • Tissue repair
• DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION:

  • Normal Flora - mixture of bacteria and fungi that are found in any anatomical site.
• DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION:

  Body system defences:

  • Tears
  • Skin
  • Large Intestine
  • Saliva
  • Respiratory tract
  • Stock Bladder
  • Stomach
• DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION:

  Inflammation - cellular response of the body to injury, infection or irritation.
• DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION:

  Inflammatory exudate:

  • Plasma
  • RBC
  • WBC
• DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION:

  Tissue Repair - defensive reconstructive.
• HAI- Healthcare Associated Infections - occur as a result of invasive procedures, antibiotic administration, the presence of MORO'S and breaks in infection and prevention and control activities.
• HAI:

  • Exogenous
  • Endogenous
  • Iatrogenic infections - caused by invasive proceduress or therapeutic procedures.
• FACTORS INFLUENCING INFECTION AND PREVENTION, CONTROL:

  • Age
  • Nutritional Status
  • Stress
  • Disease process
• NURSING PROCESS : (ADPIE) 

  1. Assessment
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Planning
  4. Implementation
  5. Evaluation
• NURSING PROCESS (ADPIE)

  Assessment:

  • Determine how the patient feels about the illness or risk of infection.
  • Asses his defense mechanism, susceptibility, and knowledge of how infections are transmitted.
  • Conduct review of system
  • Immunization/vaccination
  • Medication history
  • Laboratory findings