Periodic Table and Trends

• The periodic table is organized by atomic number, with elements arranged horizontally by period (number of electron shells) and vertically by group (valence electrons).
• Elements within the same vertical column have similar chemical properties due to their shared valence electron configuration.
• The periodic table is organized by atomic number, with elements arranged horizontally based on their electron configuration.
• Atomic radius decreases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge attracting electrons closer to the nucleus.
• Electronegativity increases down a group because the nucleus becomes more positive relative to the valence electrons, making it easier to attract electrons towards itself.
• Ionization energy increases down a group as the distance between the nucleus and valence electrons increases, requiring more energy to remove an electron from its orbit.
• Ionization Energy: The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.