Cognitive approach

• What does the cognitive approach study?

  Internal mental processes
• Why do cognitive psychologists investigate internal mental processes?

  To understand behavior better
• What cognitive processes do psychologists investigate?

  Memory, perception, thinking, attention, language
• How do cognitive psychologists study mental processes?

  By making inferences from observable behavior
• What analogy do cognitive psychologists use to describe the mind's function?

  Like a computer
• What is the process of information processing in the cognitive approach?

  Extracting, storing, and retrieving information
• What role do schemas play in cognitive processing?

  Schemas help interpret incoming information
• How do schemas affect our recall of situations?

  They can influence what we remember
• What happens when we encounter information without a schema?

  We may ignore or misinterpret it
• What types of models do cognitive psychologists use?

  Theoretical and computer models
• How do theoretical models differ from computer models?

  Theoretical models are abstract, computer models are concrete
• What is the information processing approach?

  Information flows through stages: input, transformation, output
• What do cognitive psychologists infer from behavior measurements?

  The mental processes behind observed behavior
• What analogy compares the brain to a computer?

  The computer analogy
• What do cognitive neuroscientists study?

  Brain structures linked to cognitive functions
• Who identified the link between the frontal lobe and speech production?

  Paul Broca
• What do PET and fMRI scans help psychologists understand?

  Brain activity during cognitive tasks
• How do cognitive neuroscientists study brain injuries?

  By conducting cognitive tasks during scans
• What mental processes do cognitive neuroscientists study?

  Memory, attention, perception, social cognition
• What is soft determinism in the cognitive approach?

  It allows for rational choices in behavior
• Why is soft determinism considered a strength of the cognitive approach?

  It provides a middle ground between extremes
• What is a practical application of the cognitive approach?

  Development of cognitive treatments like CBT
• What is a limitation of cognitive therapy?

  It doesn't work for everyone and requires effort
• What did Davidson et al. (2004) find about treatment effectiveness?

  Combination treatment is more effective than CBT alone
• What type of evidence supports the cognitive approach?

  Scientific lab studies
• What did Johnson and Scott (1987) study reveal?

  Weapons can impair eyewitness identification
• How does scientific research add credibility to the cognitive approach?

  It provides reliable objective data
• What has the emergence of neuroscience contributed to psychology?

  It has established a credible scientific basis
• What are the key components of the cognitive approach?

  • Study of internal mental processes
  • Role of schemas
  • Use of theoretical and computer models
  • Emergence of cognitive neuroscience
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

  Strengths:

  • Focus on internal processes
  • Practical applications in therapy
  • Supported by scientific evidence

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Soft determinism limits predictive power
  • Not all therapies work for everyone
  • Requires patient engagement for success
• What did Scott (1987) find regarding eyewitness testimony?

  A weapon can lessen identification ability
• Why might eyewitnesses have poor recall for violent crimes?

  Weapons distract attention from the perpetrator
• What is a strength of the Cognitive approach in psychology?

  • Scientific supporting research adds validity
  • Enhances credibility of cognitive theories
• How have lab experiments contributed to cognitive psychology?

  They provide reliable objective data on processes
• What has the emergence of neuroscience allowed in psychology?

  Integration of biological and cognitive approaches
• What did Wundt attempt to measure in psychology?

  Private mental processes during introspection
• What are the main research methods used by cognitive psychologists?

  1. Lab experiments
  2. Case studies
• What defines a lab experiment in cognitive psychology?

  Controlled environment with manipulated variables
• How do cognitive psychologists study mental processes?

  By inferring from observations of behavior
• What were the two conditions in Johnson and Scott's study?

  One with a weapon, one without