Humanistic approach

• What is a weakness of case studies in psychology?

  They may omit contrary data.
• How can a psychologist's subjectivity affect research?

  It can reduce the scientific status of psychology.
• What are the key components of the Humanistic Approach?

  • Free will
  • Self-actualisation
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
  • Focus on the self
  • Congruence
  • Conditions of worth
  • Influence on counselling psychology
• What does the idiographic approach focus on?

  Individual experiences and perceptions.
• What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic approaches?

  Idiographic focuses on individuals; nomothetic on general rules.
• What does the Humanistic Approach assume about free will?

  We have conscious control over our lives.
• How does the Humanistic Approach differ from Biological and Behaviourist approaches?

  It emphasizes personal choice over determinism.
• What research methods do Humanistic psychologists prefer?

  Self-report methods like unstructured interviews.
• What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs focused on?

  Personal growth and fulfilment.
• What is the ultimate goal of Maslow's hierarchy?

  To achieve self-actualisation.
• What are deficiency needs according to Maslow?

  Basic needs that must be met first.
• What are peak experiences in Maslow's theory?

  Moments of extreme inspiration and ecstasy.
• What is self-actualisation?

  Reaching one's full potential.
• How does congruence affect self-worth?

  Closer ideal and self-concept increases self-worth.
• What can cause incongruence according to Rogers?

  Negative feelings about one's self-image.
• What are conditions of worth?

  Expectations set by others for acceptance.
• What is unconditional positive regard?

  Acceptance without judgment or conditions.
• How does Client-Centred Therapy aim to help clients?

  By providing unconditional positive regard.
• What are the three key elements of Client-Centred Therapy?

  1. Genuineness – being honest with the client.
  2. Empathy – understanding the client's perspective.
  3. Unconditional positive regard – accepting without judgment.
• What is a strength of the Humanistic Approach?

  It offers a positive view of human potential.
• What contradiction exists within the Humanistic Approach regarding free will?

  It claims innate tendencies limit our choices.
• What is a limitation of the Humanistic Approach in real-world application?

  It has relatively little practical application.
• How does Freud's approach differ from humanistic psychology?

  Freud believes in despair; humanistic psychology emphasizes freedom
• What is a strength of humanistic psychology compared to deterministic approaches?

  It offers a more optimistic alternative
• What contradiction exists within the humanistic approach regarding personal freedom?

  Rogers claims innate tendencies limit choice
• What does Maslow's Hierarchy suggest about needs?

  Deficiency needs must be met before growth needs
• How does humanistic counselling view social forces?

  It accepts control by social forces and relationships
• What are the limitations of humanistic psychology in real-world application?

  • Lacks a sound evidence base
  • Describes abstract concepts
  • Concepts like 'self-actualisation' are vague
• What is the aim of Rogers' client-centered therapy?

  To help clients find their true self
• What has been a significant impact of Rogerian therapy?

  It has transformed psychotherapy and counselling techniques
• What types of conditions is Rogerian therapy best applied to?

  Mild psychological conditions like anxiety
• What type of studies support humanistic psychology?

  Self-reported studies
• What did Van Houtte and Jarvis (1995) find regarding pet ownership?

  Pet owners had higher self-esteem than non-owners
• How did pets influence self-concept in 11-year-olds according to the study?

  Pets positively influenced self-concept
• What is a limitation of self-reported studies in humanistic psychology?

  Participants may provide inaccurate responses
• Why do humanistic psychologists reject the scientific method?

  It cannot measure subjective experiences
• What self-report technique did Rogers use to assess personality?

  The Q-sort method
• How does the Q-sort method work?

  Clients sort statements about themselves into piles
• What is a strength of the Q-sort method?

  It aligns with the humanistic view of self-discovery
• What is a potential issue with the honesty of responses in the Q-sort method?

  Clients may demonstrate social desirability bias