2. Structures and functions in living organisms

• Abiotic factor: relates to the non-living, physical factors in the environment
• Aerobic respiration: the release of the energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration: respiration when oxygen is not present
• ATP: Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that releases energy rapidly for metabolic reactions.
• enzyme: biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms without taking part in it
• Diffusion: the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• concentration gradient: the difference in concentration of a substance between two places.
• breathing: the process of taking air into and expelling it from the lungs
• Carbohydrates: Group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. Contain the chemicals carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Biotic factor: living things that affect the population of an organism.
• Ecosystem: The biological community of an area, including the abiotic factors and the interactions between the biotic and abiotic factors
• Exhalation: The process of expelling air from the lungs.
• how are aveoli adapted?

  • large surface area - around 700million in lungs
  • rich blood supply - maintain a steep diffusion gradient
  • singular layer of cells - one cell wall thick (permeable)
  • moist - dissolves gasses and increases diffusion rate
  • surrounded by blood capilleries-carbon dioxide diffuses into aveoli and oxygen diffuses out
• why does breathing rate increase during exercise?

  your body needs more oxygen for aerobic respiration to give your muscles more energy.
• what is photosynthesis?


  Process by which plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
• what is the word equation for photosynthesis?


  Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight -> glucose + oxygen
• what is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• What is label A?

  upper epidermis

  A) B

  B) A

  C) C

  D) D

  
• What is label C?

  Guard cells

  A) A

  B) B

  C) C

  D) D