The Nature of Inquiry and Research

• Curiosity is a natural

  characteristic of human beings
• Experience is direct personal

  experiences, involving human senses

  and making sense of that experience
• Traditions are social agreements and

  cultural reproduction
• Authority is believing the knowledge

  produced by others who you claim as

  rationally “believable”
• Intuition is gut feeling; “leaps of insights

  that we can’t explain rationally”
• Research is a systematic inquiry that explains or describes a phenomenon, predicts an outcome, and poses questions for further investigation.
• Research involves looking into a phenomenon which has not been investigated yet or is underexplored, gathering data to address the problems, and reporting the results.
• Recursive Involves performing

  steps in a cyclical and

  non-linear way
• Empirical is based on verifiable evidence, observation, or experience
• Logical is based on sound principles and systematic procedure
• HOTS is Higher order thinking skills
• Replicable means that your research can be repeated by other researchers
• Solution-oriented means it aims to address a problem
• Sufficient source of data to avoid compromising the validity and conclusiveness of your findings
• Importance of research:

  • Increases understanding
  • Instills values
  • Development
  • Quality of Life
  • Instills academic honesty
• Beneficence means that your research has certain benefits to its intended audience
• Nonmaleficence means that your research does not cause harm to the participants and to the general public
• Fidelity and responsibility means compliance with the professional and research code of ethics
• Integrity

  accuracy , honesty, and truthfulness in the conduct of research, avoiding falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism
• Fabrication- researcher makes up data and reports them as if they truly existed
• Falsification- manipulating existing data such that the research is inaccurately represented
• Plagiarism- taking someone else’s work without attribution
• Gift authorship- when an author includes another author for the reason of paying back that person or honoring them
• Ghost authorship- involves the use of a non-named author to write for you
• Justice means not discriminating based on gender,

  affinity, ethnicity, or other factors not

  relevant to the study
• Respect for people’s rights and dignity means giving the participant Confidentiality and anonymity, and giving the person the right to refuse in participating in your study or to discontinue participating in the study
• Basic research means developing or tests theories and propositions by discovering generalizations and principles regarding a phenomenon, and its primary aim is to expand knowledge and satisfy curiosity
• Applied research goes beyond developing a theory, as it tests the theory in an actual problem situation to provide potential solutions to human and societal problems
• Action research focuses on solving problems within an organization or community
• Quantitative research measures the magnitude, size, or extent of a phenomenon
• Qualitative research provides descriptions of the basic nature or the characteristics of a phenomenon
• Errors in ordinary inquiry

  ● Inaccurate observation

  ● Overgeneralization

  ● Selective observation

  ● Illogical reasoning
• Characteristics of a Good Research:

  • Recursive
  • Empirical
  • Logical
  • HOTS
  • Replicable
  • Solution-Oriented
  • Objective
  • Sufficient source of data